
console.log("hiya friend!");

hiya friend!

2+2

4


for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log(i);
}


// this is a single-line comment

let f = 0;  // also single-line comment

/*
this is
a multi-line
comment
*/


/** Docstring syntax
 * begins with a forward slash
 * and two asterisks
 * and every subsequent line
 * begins with a space and an
 * asterisk.
*/

3

3


typeof 3;

'number'


typeof 3.1;

'number'


console.log(Number("123"));       // 123
console.log(Number(null));        // 0
console.log(Number(true));        // 1
console.log(Number("Hello!"));    // NaN (Not a Number)
console.log(Number(1.8e308));     // Infinity
console.log(Number(-1.8e308));    // -Infinity

123
0
1
NaN
Infinity
-Infinity


23.45.toFixed(4);  // Number to String, fixed number of decimal digits

'23.4500'


123.4567890.toPrecision(); // Number to String, strip 0 from the end

'123.456789'


123.4567890.toPrecision(2); // Number to String, 2 significant digit precision

'1.2e+2'


123.4567890.toPrecision(4); // Number to String, 4 significant digit precision

'123.5'


123456.789.toLocaleString('en-GB'); // Number to String, thousands delimiter ',' decimal point is '.'

'123,456.789'


123456.789.toLocaleString('ru-RU'); // Number to String, thousands delimiter ' ' decimal point is ','

'123,456.789'


console.log(0.1 + 0.2);

0.30000000000000004


console.log((0.1 * 10 + 0.2 *10 )/10);

0.3


var signedIn;
console.log(signedIn);

undefined


if (signedIn === undefined) {
  // this will execute
}
if (typeof signedIn === "undefined") {
  // this will execute
}


var signedIn = null;
console.log(signedIn + '; Type: '+typeof(signedIn));

null; Type: object


if (null) {
  // will not run; null is falsy
}


isFinite(12345);

true


isFinite(1.9e308);

false


// calculating the square root of a negative number will return NaN
Math.sqrt(-10)

NaN


// trying to divide a string by 5 will return NaN
"hello" / 5

NaN


isNaN("hello!");

true


isNaN(12345);

false


isNaN('12345');

false


5 > 10

false


5 < 10

true


5 == 10

false


1 + "1"

'11'


true + false

1


true + true + true

3


1 + Number("1")

2


1 == "1"

true


3 + 2.1

5.1

5%3

2


let v = 3;
w = v++;
console.log('v='+v, 'w='+w)

v=4 w=3


v = 3;
w = ++v;
console.log('v=' + v, 'w='+w)

v=4 w=4


Math.random();    // random number between 0 and 1

0.64326241617333


Math.floor(Math.random()*6+1);  //roll the dice! between 1 and 6

4


[Math.floor(12.56), Math.floor(-12.56)];

[ 12, -13 ]


[Math.ceil(12.56), Math.ceil(-12.56)];

[ 13, -12 ]


[Math.round(12.56), Math.round(-12.56)];

[ 13, -13 ]


[Math.round(12.46), Math.round(-12.46)];

[ 12, -12 ]


Math.pow(2,3);

8


Math.sqrt(9);

3


var now = new Date();
now;

2021-02-18T18:16:00.523Z


now.toString();

'Thu Feb 18 2021 18:16:00 GMT+0000 (Greenwich Mean Time)'


now.toUTCString();

'Thu, 18 Feb 2021 18:16:00 GMT'


now.toLocaleString('de-DE');

'2/18/2021, 6:16:00 PM'


var today = Date.now();
var tomorrow = today + 86400000;  // 86400000 milliseconds in 1 day
[today, tomorrow]

[ 1613672160597, 1613758560597 ]


var todayDate    = new Date(today);
var tomorrowDate = new Date(tomorrow);
[todayDate.toDateString(), tomorrowDate.toDateString()];

[ 'Thu Feb 18 2021', 'Fri Feb 19 2021' ]


console.log(now.getFullYear());      // The 4 digit year
console.log(now.getMonth());         // The month index (0-11)
console.log(now.getDate());          // The day of the month (1-31)
console.log(now.getDay());           // The day of the week index (0-6)
console.log(now.getHours());         // The hour (0-23)
console.log(now.getMinutes());       // The minute (0-59)
console.log(now.getSeconds());       // The seconds (0-59)
console.log(now.getMilliseconds());  // The milliseconds (0-999)

2021
1
18
4
18
16
0
523


console.log(now.getUTCFullYear());      // The 4 digit year
console.log(now.getUTCMonth());         // The month (0-11)
console.log(now.getUTCDate());          // The day of the month (1-31)
console.log(now.getUTCDay());           // The day of the week (0-6)
console.log(now.getUTCHours());         // The hour (0-23)
console.log(now.getUTCMinutes());       // The minute (0-59)
console.log(now.getUTCSeconds());       // The seconds (0-59)
console.log(now.getUTCMilliseconds());  // The milliseconds (0-999)

2021
1
18
4
18
16
0
523


var birthday = new Date(2000,0,31); //31st January, 2000
birthday.toLocaleString('en-GB');

'1/31/2000, 12:00:00 AM'


birthday.setYear(1975);
birthday.toLocaleString('de-DE');

'1/31/1975, 12:00:00 AM'


console.log("The man whispered, \"can you hear me?\"")

The man whispered, "can you hear me?"


console.log('This string has\nmultiple lines.\nHooray!')

This string has
multiple lines.
Hooray!


"Hello," + " New York City"

'Hello, New York City'


typeof 'Hello'

'string'


let bName = "Bilbo Baggins";
let bHome = "Bag End";
let bHouse = 2;

console.log(`${bName} lives at ${bHome} in the ${2*bHouse}th house`);

Bilbo Baggins lives at Bag End in the 4th house


"This is the Title of a Book".toLowerCase()

'this is the title of a book'


"This is the Title of a Book".toUpperCase();

'THIS IS THE TITLE OF A BOOK'


"James"[0];

'J'


"James".length;

5


"James"["James".length-1];

's'


'James'.charAt(0);

'J'


console.log('James'.slice(1));     // ames
console.log('James'.slice(0, 3));  // Jam (last index is not included)
console.log('James'.slice(1, 4));  // ame

ames
Jam
ame


'abracadabra'.indexOf('ra');

2


'abracadabra'.indexOf('ra',5);

9


'abracadabra'.lastIndexOf('ra');

9


'Hello World!'.substr(6,3); // start, length

'Wor'


'Hello World!'.substring(6,90); // start, end

'World!'


'   Hello World!   '.trim();

'Hello World!'


var str = "This is a sample string";
var re = /Sample/i; //regular expression between slashes, and a modifyier 'i': ignore case
//var re= new RegExp("Sample", "i")

re.exec(str);

[ 'sample',
  index: 10,
  input: 'This is a sample string',
  groups: undefined ]


re.test(str);

true


"Hello"; // Here's a String "Hello"
"Hello" + " World"; // Here's a new String (also with the value "Hello") concatenated with " World"

'Hello World'


var greeting = "Hello";


greeting + " World!";

'Hello World!'


var tip = 8;               // uses lowercase if the variable name is one word
var totalAfterTax = 53.03; // uses camelCase if the variable name is multiple words


/*
 * Global scope. 
 * This variable declared outside of any function is called Global variable. 
 * Hence, you can use this anywhere in the code
 */
var opinion = "This nanodegree is amazing";

// Function scope
function showMessage() {
    // Local variable, visible within the function `showMessage`
    var message = "I am an Udacian!"; 

    // Block scope
    {
        let greet = "How are you doing?";
        /*
         We have used the keyword `let` to declare a variable `greet` 
         because variables declared with the `var` keyword can not have Block Scope
         */
    } // Block scope ends

    console.log( message ); // OK
    console.log( greet ); // ERROR. 
    // Variable greet can NOT be used outside the block

    console.log( opinion ); // OK    to use the gobal variable anywhere in the code

} // function scope ends


if (true) {
  let myVar = "hello!";
  console.log(myVar);
} else {
  console.log("Inside the else block: ", myVar);
}

hello!


var i = 0;
for(var i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
   console.log("Inside the loop:", i);
}
console.log("Outside the loop:", i);

Inside the loop: 0
Inside the loop: 1
Inside the loop: 2
Inside the loop: 3
Inside the loop: 4
Inside the loop: 5
Outside the loop: 6


let t = 0;
for (let t = 0; t <= 5; t++) {
  console.log("Inside the loop:", t);
}
console.log("Outside the loop:", t);

Inside the loop: 0
Inside the loop: 1
Inside the loop: 2
Inside the loop: 3
Inside the loop: 4
Inside the loop: 5
Outside the loop: 0


let s = 0;
for (s = 0; s <= 5; s++) {
  console.log("Inside the loop:", s);
}
console.log("Outside the loop:", s);

Inside the loop: 0
Inside the loop: 1
Inside the loop: 2
Inside the loop: 3
Inside the loop: 4
Inside the loop: 5
Outside the loop: 6


var q = 0;
for (let q = 0; q <= 5; q++) {
  console.log("Inside the loop:", q);
}
console.log("Outside the loop:", q);

Inside the loop: 0
Inside the loop: 1
Inside the loop: 2
Inside the loop: 3
Inside the loop: 4
Inside the loop: 5
Outside the loop: 0


"Yes" == "yes"

false


'Y' != 'y'

true


'A' < 'a'

true


// get the ASCII value of the first character, i.e. the character at the position 0. 
"A".charCodeAt(0);

65


// get the ASCII value of the first character, i.e. the character at the position 0. 
"a".charCodeAt(0);

97


var my_string = "Udacity";

// Iterate using a Loop
for (var i = 0; i < my_string.length; i++) {
  console.log(my_string.charCodeAt(i));
}

85
100
97
99
105
116
121


var studentName = "John";
var haveEnrolledInCourse = true;
var haveCompletedTheCourse = false;


typeof haveEnrolledInCourse

'boolean'


if (haveEnrolledInCourse){ 
    console.log("Welcome "+studentName+" to Udacity!"); // Will run only if haveEnrolledInCourse is true
}

Welcome John to Udacity!


var a = 10;
var b = 20;
// a comparison - we will study this in detail in upcoming lesson
if (a>b) // The outcome of a>b will be a boolean
    console.log("Variable `a` has higher value"); // if a>b is true
else 
    console.log("Variable `b` has higher value"); // if a>b is false

Variable `b` has higher value


if(1){
    console.log("This statement will always execute because conditional is set to 1 i.e., true");
}

if(0){
        console.log("This statement will NEVER execute because conditional is set to 0 i.e., false");
}

This statement will always execute because conditional is set to 1 i.e., true


Boolean(0);

false


Boolean(1);

true


"1" == 1

true


0 == false

true


' ' == false

true


"julia" + 1

'julia1'


Number("Hello") % 10

NaN


"1" == true

true


"1" == 1

true


"1" === 1

false


0 === false

false


0 !== true

true


let str1 = "Foo";
let str2 = "Foo";
Object.is(str1,str2);

true


var a = 1;
var b = 2;

if (a > b) {
  console.log("a is greater than b");
} else {
  console.log("a is less than or equal to b");
}

a is less than or equal to b


var weather = "sunny";

if (weather === "snow") {
  console.log("Bring a coat.");
} else if (weather === "rain") {
  console.log("Bring a rain jacket.");
} else {
  console.log("Wear what you have on.");
}

Wear what you have on.


true && false

false


true || false

true


false || !false && false

false


false || !(false && false)

true


if ("") {
    console.log("the value is truthy");
} else {
    console.log("the value is falsy");
}

the value is falsy


if (1) {
    console.log("the value is truthy");
} else {
    console.log("the value is falsy");
}

the value is truthy


Boolean(1);

true


Boolean("");

false


var isGoing = true;
var color;

if (isGoing) {
  color = "green";
} else {
  color = "red";
}

console.log(color);

green


isGoing = true;
color = isGoing ? "green" : "red";
console.log(color);

green


let memberType = 'elite';
let price = memberType === 'basic' ? 5
          : memberType === 'pro' ? 10
          : memberType === 'elite' ? 20
          : 0;
console.log(price);

20


var option = 3;

switch (option) {
  case 1:
    console.log("You selected option 1.");
  case 2:
    console.log("You selected option 2.");
  case 3:
    console.log("You selected option 3.");
  case 4:
    console.log("You selected option 4.");
  case 5:
    console.log("You selected option 5.");
  case 6:
    console.log("You selected option 6.");
}

You selected option 3.
You selected option 4.
You selected option 5.
You selected option 6.


var option = 3;

switch (option) {
  case 1:
    console.log("You selected option 1.");
    break;
  case 2:
    console.log("You selected option 2.");
    break;
  case 3:
    console.log("You selected option 3.");
    break;
  case 4:
    console.log("You selected option 4.");
    break;
  case 5:
    console.log("You selected option 5.");
    break;
  case 6:
    console.log("You selected option 6.");
    break; // technically, not needed
}

You selected option 3.


var month = 12;
var days = 0
switch(month) {
  case 1:
  case 3:
  case 5:
  case 7:
  case 8:
  case 10:
  case 12:
    days = 1
  case 4:
  case 6:
  case 9:
  case 11:
    days = days + 2;
  default:
    days = days + 28;
}
console.log("There are " + days + " days in this month.");

There are 31 days in this month.


var education = 'no high school diploma';
var salary = 0;

switch (education) {
    case "no high school diploma":
        salary = 25636;
        break;
    case "a high school diploma":
        salary = 35256;
        break;
    case "an Associate's degree":
        salary = 41496;
        break;
    case "a Bachelor's degree":
        salary = 59124;
        break;
    case "a Master's degree":
        salary = 69732;
        break;
    case "a Professional degree":
        salary = 89960;
        break;
    case "a Doctoral degree":
        salary = 84396;
        break;
}
console.log("In 2015, a person with "+education+" earned an average of $"+salary.toLocaleString("en-US")+"/year.");

In 2015, a person with no high school diploma earned an average of $25,636/year.


function findDayOfWeek(dayNumber) {
  switch (dayNumber) {
    case 0:
      return 'Sunday';
    case 1:
      return 'Monday';
    case 2:
      return 'Tuesday';
    case 3:
      return 'Wednesday';
    case 4:
      return 'Thursday';
    case 5:
      return 'Friday';
    case 6:
      return 'Saturday';
    default:
      return 'Invalid day number';
  }
}
let day = findDayOfWeek(2);
console.log(day);  // Tuesday

Tuesday


var start = 0; // when to start
while (start < 5) { // when to stop
  console.log(start);
  start = start + 2; // how to get to the next item
}

0
2
4

6


var x = 1;
while (x<=10) {
    var out = "";
    if (x%2===0) { out = "Fizz"; }
    if (x%3===0) { out = out + "Buzz"; }
    if (!out) {out=x}
    console.log(out)
    x = x + 1;
}

1
Fizz
Buzz
Fizz
5
FizzBuzz
7
Fizz
Buzz
Fizz

11


let counter = 10;
do {
  console.log(counter);
} while (counter < 10);

10


for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++ ) {
  console.log("Printing out i = " + i);
}

Printing out i = 0
Printing out i = 1
Printing out i = 2
Printing out i = 3
Printing out i = 4
Printing out i = 5


for (let x = 0; x < 5; x = x + 1) {
  for (let y = 0; y < 3; y = y + 1) {
    console.log(x + "," + y);
  }
}

0,0
0,1
0,2
1,0
1,1
1,2
2,0
2,1
2,2
3,0
3,1
3,2
4,0
4,1
4,2


let r=0;
while (true){
    if (r==5){
        break;
    }
    console.log(r);
    r++;
}


for (let r = 0; r < 10; r++) {
  if (r === 5) {
    break;
  } else {
    console.log(r);
  }
}


for(let r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
  if(r === 2) {
    continue;
  } else {
    console.log(r);
  }
}

0
1
3


let outer = 0;
outerLoop: while (outer <= 1000000) {
    let inner = 0;
    innerLoop: while (inner <= 100) {
        if (inner === 3) {
          console.log('Breaking the outer loop from the inner loop.');
          break outerLoop;
        }
        console.log('inner is', inner);
        inner++;
    }

    if (outer === 5) {
      console.log('Breaking!');
      break;
    }

    console.log('outer is', outer);
    outer++;
}
console.log('Loop has been broken.');

inner is 0
inner is 1
inner is 2
Breaking the outer loop from the inner loop.
Loop has been broken.


function add1(num) {
  return num + 1;
}


add1(2);

3


var newNum = add1(4);
console.log(newNum);

5


function isThisWorking(input) {
  console.log("Printing: isThisWorking was called and " + input + " was passed in as an argument.");
  return "Returning: I am returning this string!";
}

isThisWorking(3);

Printing: isThisWorking was called and 3 was passed in as an argument.

'Returning: I am returning this string!'


function isThisWorking(input) {
  console.log("Printing: isThisWorking was called and " + input + " was passed in as an argument.");
}

isThisWorking(3);

Printing: isThisWorking was called and 3 was passed in as an argument.


function test() {
  return 1;
  return 2;
}

test();

1


// returns the sum of two numbers
function add(x, y) {
  return x + y;
}

// returns the value of a number divided by 2
function divideByTwo(num) {
  return num / 2;
}

var sum = add(5, 7); // call the "add" function and store the returned value in the "sum" variable
var average = divideByTwo(sum); // call the "divideByTwo" function and store the returned value in the "average" variable
console.log(average);

6


divideByTwo(add(5, 7));

6


sayHi("Julia");

function sayHi(name) {
  console.log(greeting + " " + name);
  var greeting;
}

undefined Julia


sayHi("Julia");

function sayHi(name) {
  console.log(greeting + " " + name);
  var greeting = "Hello";
}

undefined Julia


function sayHi(name) {
  var greeting = "Hello";
  console.log(greeting + " " + name);
}

sayHi("Julia");

Hello Julia


var catSays = function (max) {
  var catMessage = "";
  for (var i = 0; i < max; i++) {
    catMessage += "meow ";
  }
  return catMessage;
};


catSays

[Function: catSays]


catSays(2)

'meow meow '


// function expression catSays
var catSays = function (max) {
  var catMessage = "";
  for (var i = 0; i < max; i++) {
    catMessage += "meow ";
  }
  return catMessage;
};

// function declaration helloCat accepting a callback
function helloCat(callbackFunc) {
  return "Hello " + callbackFunc(3);
}

// pass in catSays as a callback function
helloCat(catSays);

'Hello meow meow meow '


var favoriteMovie = function movie() {
  return "The fountain";
};
favoriteMovie()

'The fountain'


// Function expression that assigns the function displayFavorite 
// to the variable favoriteMovie
var favoriteMovie = function displayFavorite(movieName) {
  console.log("My favorite movie is " + movieName);
};

// Function declaration that has two parameters: a function for displaying
// a message, along with a name of a movie
function movies(messageFunction, name) {
  messageFunction(name);
}

// Call the movies function, pass in the favoriteMovie function and name of movie
movies(favoriteMovie, "Finding Nemo");

My favorite movie is Finding Nemo


// Function declaration that takes in two arguments: a function for displaying
// a message, along with a name of a movie
function movies(messageFunction, name) {
  messageFunction(name);
}

// Call the movies function, pass in the function and name of movie
movies(function displayFavorite(movieName) {
  console.log("My favorite movie is " + movieName);
}, "Finding Nemo");

My favorite movie is Finding Nemo


function TestTry(){
    console.log("TestTry method run successfully");
}

try {
    TestTry();
    // Invalid call: non existent function
    TestT();
} catch(exception) {
    console.log("There was an error in the code. The details are:\n"+exception.message);
}

TestTry method run successfully
There was an error in the code. The details are:
TestT is not defined


function checkValue(value){
    try {
        if (value <=5){
            throw new Error("Please submit a minimum value of at least 5.")
        } else if (value >=10) {
            throw new Error("Please submit a value of that does not exceeed 10.")            
        }
    } catch(e) {
        console.log("There was an error. The details are:\n"+e.message);
    }
}

checkValue(2);

There was an error. The details are:
Please submit a minimum value of at least 5.


function traceIt(){
    try { 
        throw new Error("myError1");
    } catch(e) {
        console.log("There was an error. The details are:\n"+e.stack);
    }
}

function b(){traceIt();}

function a(){
    b(3, 4, "\n\n", undefined, {});
}

a("first call, first argument");

There was an error. The details are:
Error: myError1
    at traceIt (evalmachine.<anonymous>:3:15)
    at b (evalmachine.<anonymous>:9:14)
    at a (evalmachine.<anonymous>:12:5)
    at evalmachine.<anonymous>:15:1
    at Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:96:20)
    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:303:38)
    at run ([eval]:1054:15)
    at onRunRequest ([eval]:888:18)
    at onMessage ([eval]:848:13)
    at process.emit (events.js:182:13)


var codedURL = encodeURIComponent('difficult &$%@# to transmit');
console.log("Coded:   "+codedURL);
console.log("Decoded: "+decodeURIComponent(codedURL));

Coded:   difficult%20%26%24%25%40%23%20to%20transmit
Decoded: difficult &$%@# to transmit


// creates a `donuts` array with six strings
var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller", "cinnamon sugar", "sprinkled"];


// creates a `mixedData` array with mixed data types
var mixedData = ["abcd", 1, true, undefined, null, "all the things"];


// creates a `arraysInArrays` array with three arrays
var arraysInArrays = [[1, 2, 3], ["Julia", "James"], [true, false, true, false]];


var arraysInArrays = [
  [1, 2, 3], 
  ["Julia", "James"], 
  [true, false, true, false]
];


console.log(donuts[0]); // "glazed" is the first element in the `donuts` array

glazed


console.log(donuts[6]); // the sixth element in `donuts` array does not exist!

undefined


donuts[1] = "glazed cruller"; // changes the second element in the `donuts` array to "glazed cruller"
console.log(donuts);

[ 'glazed',
  'glazed cruller',
  'Boston creme',
  'glazed cruller',
  'cinnamon sugar',
  'sprinkled' ]


var captain = "Mal";
var second = "Zoe";
var pilot = "Wash";
var companion = "Inara";
var mercenary = "Jayne";
var mechanic = "Kaylee";

var crew = [captain,second,pilot,companion,mercenary,mechanic];
console.log(crew);

[ 'Mal', 'Zoe', 'Wash', 'Inara', 'Jayne', 'Kaylee' ]


crew;

[ 'Mal', 'Zoe', 'Wash', 'Inara', 'Jayne', 'Kaylee' ]


crew.slice(2,4);

[ 'Wash', 'Inara' ]


crew.indexOf("Inara");

3


crew.includes("Inara");

true


crew.reverse();
crew;

[ 'Kaylee', 'Jayne', 'Inara', 'Wash', 'Zoe', 'Mal' ]


crew.sort();
console.log(crew);

[ 'Inara', 'Jayne', 'Kaylee', 'Mal', 'Wash', 'Zoe' ]


console.log(donuts.length);

6


var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller"];
donuts.push("powdered"); // pushes "powdered" onto the end of the `donuts` array

5


donuts;

[ 'glazed',
  'chocolate frosted',
  'Boston creme',
  'glazed cruller',
  'powdered' ]


var doctor = "Simon";
var sister = "River";
var shepherd = "Book";

crew.push(doctor,sister,shepherd);

9


var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller"];
// the pop() method removes and returns "glazed cruller" because that was the LAST element of `donuts` array
donuts.pop();

'glazed cruller'


var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller"];
// the shift() method removes and returns "glazed" because that was the FIRST element of `donuts` array
donuts.shift();

'glazed'


donuts;

[ 'chocolate frosted', 'Boston creme', 'glazed cruller' ]


// pushes "powdered" onto the beginning of the `donuts` array
donuts.unshift("powdered");

4


donuts;

[ 'powdered',
  'chocolate frosted',
  'Boston creme',
  'glazed cruller' ]


var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller"];
delete donuts[2];
typeof donuts[2];

'undefined'


var donuts = ["glazed", "chocolate frosted", "Boston creme", "glazed cruller"];
// removes "chocolate frosted" at index 1 and adds "chocolate cruller" and "creme de leche" starting at index 1
donuts.splice(1, 1, "chocolate cruller", "creme de leche");

[ 'chocolate frosted' ]


donuts

[ 'glazed',
  'chocolate cruller',
  'creme de leche',
  'Boston creme',
  'glazed cruller' ]


var donuts = ["cookies", "cinnamon sugar", "creme de leche"];
donuts.splice(-2, 0, "chocolate frosted", "glazed");

[]


donuts;

[ 'cookies',
  'chocolate frosted',
  'glazed',
  'cinnamon sugar',
  'creme de leche' ]


/* Use only the splice() method to modify the rainbow variable:
 *  - remove "Blackberry"
 *  - add "Yellow" and "Green"
 *  - add "Purple" (to the end)
 */
var rainbow = ['Red', 'Orange', 'Blackberry', 'Blue'];
rainbow.splice(-2,1,"Yellow", "Green");
rainbow.splice(rainbow.length,0,"Purple")
rainbow

[ 'Red', 'Orange', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Purple' ]


var fruits = ['apples', 'pears', 'cherries', 'bananas', 'peaches', 'oranges'];
var vegetables = ['carrots', 'peas', 'beans', 'lettuce'];
fruits.concat(vegetables);

[ 'apples',
  'pears',
  'cherries',
  'bananas',
  'peaches',
  'oranges',
  'carrots',
  'peas',
  'beans',
  'lettuce' ]


var donuts = ["jelly donut", "chocolate donut", "glazed donut"];


donuts[0] += " hole";
donuts[1] += " hole";
donuts[2] += " hole";
donuts

[ 'jelly donut hole',
  'chocolate donut hole',
  'glazed donut hole' ]


var donuts = ["jelly donut", "chocolate donut", "glazed donut"];

// the variable `i` is used to step through each element in the array
for (let i = 0; i < donuts.length; i++) {
    donuts[i] += " hole";
    donuts[i] = donuts[i].toUpperCase();
}
donuts

[ 'JELLY DONUT HOLE',
  'CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE',
  'GLAZED DONUT HOLE' ]


for (let element of donuts) {
    console.log(element);
}

JELLY DONUT HOLE
CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE
GLAZED DONUT HOLE


for (let index in donuts) {
    console.log(donuts[index]);
}

JELLY DONUT HOLE
CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE
GLAZED DONUT HOLE


var donuts = ["jelly donut", "chocolate donut", "glazed donut"];

donuts.forEach(function(donut) {
  donut += " hole";
  donut = donut.toUpperCase();
  console.log(donut);
});

JELLY DONUT HOLE
CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE
GLAZED DONUT HOLE


donuts

[ 'jelly donut', 'chocolate donut', 'glazed donut' ]


for (var i = 0; i < donuts.length; i++) {
  donuts[i] += " hole";
  donuts[i] = donuts[i].toUpperCase();
  console.log(donuts[i]);
}

JELLY DONUT HOLE
CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE
GLAZED DONUT HOLE


words = ["cat", "in", "hat"];
words.forEach(function(word, num, all) {
  console.log("Word " + num + " in " + all.toString() + " is " + word);
});

Word 0 in cat,in,hat is cat
Word 1 in cat,in,hat is in
Word 2 in cat,in,hat is hat


var test = [12, 929, 11, 3, 199, 1000, 7, 1, 24, 37, 4,
            19, 300, 3775, 299, 36, 209, 148, 169, 299,
             6, 109, 20, 58, 139, 59, 3, 1, 139];

test.forEach(function(element,index,array){
    if (element%3===0){
        array[index] += 100;
    }
});
test

[ 112,
  929,
  11,
  103,
  199,
  1000,
  7,
  1,
  124,
  37,
  4,
  19,
  400,
  3775,
  299,
  136,
  209,
  148,
  169,
  299,
  106,
  109,
  20,
  58,
  139,
  59,
  103,
  1,
  139 ]


donuts;

[ 'JELLY DONUT HOLE',
  'CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE',
  'GLAZED DONUT HOLE' ]


var improvedDonuts = donuts.map(function(donut,index,array) {
  donut += "-"+array[(array.length+index-1)%array.length]+" donut";
  return donut;
});
improvedDonuts;

[ 'JELLY DONUT HOLE-GLAZED DONUT HOLE donut',
  'CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE-JELLY DONUT HOLE donut',
  'GLAZED DONUT HOLE-CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE donut' ]


var donutBox = [
  ["glazed", "chocolate glazed", "cinnamon"],
  ["powdered", "sprinkled", "glazed cruller"],
  ["chocolate cruller", "Boston creme", "creme de leche"]
];


// here, donutBox.length refers to the number of rows of donuts
for (var row = 0; row < donutBox.length; row++) {
  console.log(donutBox[row]);
}

[ 'glazed', 'chocolate glazed', 'cinnamon' ]
[ 'powdered', 'sprinkled', 'glazed cruller' ]
[ 'chocolate cruller', 'Boston creme', 'creme de leche' ]


for (var row = 0; row < donutBox.length; row++) {
  // here, donutBox[row].length refers to the length of the donut array currently being looped over
  for (var column = 0; column < donutBox[row].length; column++) {
    console.log(donutBox[row][column]);
  }
}

glazed
chocolate glazed
cinnamon
powdered
sprinkled
glazed cruller
chocolate cruller
Boston creme
creme de leche


var numbers = [1,2,3];
console.log(...numbers);

1 2 3


Math.max(...numbers);

3


Math.min(...numbers);

1


let mySet = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);


var sister = {
  name: "Sarah",
  age: 23,
  parents: [ "alice", "andy" ],
  siblings: ["julia"],
  favoriteColor: "purple",
  pets: true,
  paintPicture: function() { return "Sarah paints!"; }
};

sister.paintPicture();

'Sarah paints!'


sister.name

'Sarah'


let stone = new Object();


let brick = {};


typeof brick

'object'


// create object with property
var tree = {
    type: "oak",
    height: 15,
    age: 120,
};


// add property to object 
tree.isLeavesOn = true;

// now the object has 4 properties
tree

{ type: 'oak', height: 15, age: 120, isLeavesOn: true }


// change existing property of object 
tree.isLeavesOn = false;

// the property has changed
tree

{ type: 'oak', height: 15, age: 120, isLeavesOn: false }


delete tree.height;
//check tha state of the object:
tree

{ type: 'oak', age: 120, isLeavesOn: false }


for (let property in tree){
    console.log("The tree's "+property+" is: "+tree[property])
}

The tree's type is: oak
The tree's age is: 120
The tree's isLeavesOn is: false


var auto = {
  location: 'garage',
  ignition: 'off',
  fueled: true,
};


const result = [];
for (const key in auto){result.push(key)};
result

[ 'location', 'ignition', 'fueled' ]


Object.keys(auto);

[ 'location', 'ignition', 'fueled' ]


Object.values(auto);

[ 'garage', 'off', true ]


Object.entries(auto); // returns an array of arrays

[ [ 'location', 'garage' ],
  [ 'ignition', 'off' ],
  [ 'fueled', true ] ]


auto.hasOwnProperty('ignition');

true


auto.hasOwnProperty('drive');

false


auto.toString();

'[object Object]'


const umbrella = {
    color: "pink",
    status: 'closed',
    greetPerson : function (name){
       console.log(`Hello ${name}!`);
    },
    open:  function (){
        this.status = 'opened';
        console.log("The umbrella is opening")
    },
};


umbrella.close = function (){
    this.status = 'closed';
    console.log("The umbrella is closing")
};
umbrella

{ color: 'pink',
  status: 'closed',
  greetPerson: [Function: greetPerson],
  open: [Function: open],
  close: [Function] }


umbrella.open()

The umbrella is opening


umbrella["close"]()

The umbrella is closing


umbrella.greetPerson("Sumatra");

Hello Sumatra!


function changeToEight(n) {
  n = 8; // whatever n was, it is now 8... but only in this function!
}

let n = 7;

changeToEight(n);
// n retains its value despite the attempt to change inside the function
console.log(n); //7

7


let originalObject = { favoriteColor: 'red'};
function setToBlue(object) { object.favoriteColor = 'blue';}

setToBlue(originalObject);
// the property value has changed from "red" to "blue"
originalObject

{ favoriteColor: 'blue' }


const iceCreamOriginal = {
  Andrew: 3,
  Richard: 15
};


const iceCreamCopy = iceCreamOriginal;
iceCreamCopy.Richard;

15


iceCreamCopy.Richard = 99;
iceCreamCopy.Richard;

99


iceCreamOriginal.Richard;

99


const parrot = {
  group: 'bird',
  feathers: true,
  chirp: function () {console.log('Chirp chirp!');}
};

const pigeon = {
  group: 'bird',
  feathers: true,
  chirp: function () {console.log('Chirp chirp!');}
};


parrot === pigeon;

false


let sameParrot = parrot;


sameParrot == parrot

true


const triangle = {
  type: 'scalene',
  identify: function () {
    console.log(`This is a ${this.type} triangle.`);
  }
};


triangle.identify();

This is a scalene triangle.


function whoThis () {
  debugger
  this.trickyish = true
}

whoThis();


const car = {
  numberOfDoors: 4,
  drive: function () {
     console.log(`Get in one of the ${this.numberOfDoors} doors, and let's go!`);
  }
};

const letsRoll = car.drive;

letsRoll();

Get in one of the undefined doors, and let's go!


var person = 'Richard';

function richardSaysHi() {
  console.log(`${person} says 'hi!'`);
}


class Mammal { 
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  
  speak() {
    console.log(this.name + ' says "Hello!"');
  }
}


let human = new Mammal('John');
human.speak();  // logs 'John says "Hello!"'

John says "Hello!"


class Dog extends Mammal {
  speak() {
    console.log(this.name + ' says "Woof!"');
  }
}

let myDog = new Dog('Fido');
myDog.speak();  // logs 'Fido says "Woof!"'

Fido says "Woof!"


let averageFN = function averageOf3(num1,num2,num3){
    return (num1+num2+num3)/3;
}


averageFN.name

'averageOf3'


averageFN.length

3


function alertThenReturn() {
  console.log('Message 1!');

  return function () {
    console.log('Message 2!');
  };
}


const innerFN = alertThenReturn()

Message 1!


innerFN()

Message 2!


alertThenReturn()()

Message 1!
Message 2!


function callAndAdd(n, callbackFunction) {
  return n + callbackFunction();
}

function returnsThree() {
  return 3;
}

callAndAdd(2, returnsThree);

5


function each(array, callbackSelect) {
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (callbackSelect(array[i])) {
      console.log(array[i]);
    }
  }
}

function isPositive(n) {
  return n > 0;
};

each([-2, 7, 11, -4, -10], isPositive);

7
11


function logIfOdd(n) {
  if (n % 2 !== 0) {
    console.log(n);
  }
}

logIfOdd(2); // (nothing is logged)
logIfOdd(3); // 3 is logged

3


[1, 5, 2, 4, 6, 3].forEach(logIfOdd)

1
5
3


[1, 5, 2, 4, 6, 3].forEach(function (n) {
  if (n % 2 !== 0) {
    console.log(n);
  }
});

1
5
3


function length(name) {
  return name.length;
};
let names = ['David', 'Richard', 'Veronika'];

const nameLengths = names.map(length);
nameLengths

[ 5, 7, 8 ]


const musicData = [
    { artist: 'Adele', name: '25', sales: 1731000 },
    { artist: 'Drake', name: 'Views', sales: 1608000 },
    { artist: 'Beyonce', name: 'Lemonade', sales: 1554000 },
    { artist: 'Chris Stapleton', name: 'Traveller', sales: 1085000 },
    { artist: 'Pentatonix', name: 'A Pentatonix Christmas', sales: 904000 },
    { artist: 'Original Broadway Cast Recording', 
      name: 'Hamilton: An American Musical', sales: 820000 },
    { artist: 'Twenty One Pilots', name: 'Blurryface', sales: 738000 },
    { artist: 'Prince', name: 'The Very Best of Prince', sales: 668000 },
    { artist: 'Rihanna', name: 'Anti', sales: 603000 },
    { artist: 'Justin Bieber', name: 'Purpose', sales: 554000 }
];

const albumSalesStrings = musicData.map(function mstring(album){
    return `${album.name} by ${album.artist} sold ${album.sales} copies`;
});

console.log(albumSalesStrings);

[ '25 by Adele sold 1731000 copies',
  'Views by Drake sold 1608000 copies',
  'Lemonade by Beyonce sold 1554000 copies',
  'Traveller by Chris Stapleton sold 1085000 copies',
  'A Pentatonix Christmas by Pentatonix sold 904000 copies',
  'Hamilton: An American Musical by Original Broadway Cast Recording sold 820000 copies',
  'Blurryface by Twenty One Pilots sold 738000 copies',
  'The Very Best of Prince by Prince sold 668000 copies',
  'Anti by Rihanna sold 603000 copies',
  'Purpose by Justin Bieber sold 554000 copies' ]


const shortNames = names.filter(function(name) {
  return name.length < 6;
});

shortNames;

[ 'David' ]


const results = musicData.filter( function mfilter(album){
    return (10<=album.name.length && album.name.length<=25);
});
results;

[ { artist: 'Pentatonix',
    name: 'A Pentatonix Christmas',
    sales: 904000 },
  { artist: 'Twenty One Pilots',
    name: 'Blurryface',
    sales: 738000 },
  { artist: 'Prince',
    name: 'The Very Best of Prince',
    sales: 668000 } ]


let globalNumber = 1
function remember(paramNumberOld) {
    let localNumber = globalNumber;
    globalNumber += localNumber;
    
    function summarise(paramNumberNew) {
        return globalNumber
              +localNumber
              +paramNumberOld
              +paramNumberNew;
    }
    return summarise;
}

// globalNumber is not stored in the closure
const returnedFunction1 = remember(3);
// now globalNumber=2
const returnedFunction2 = remember(5);
// now globalNumber=4

globalNumber += 1;
// now globalNumber=5

// returnedFunction1 remembers localNumber=1 and paramNumberOld=3
console.log( returnedFunction1(7) ); // 5 + 1 + 3 + 7 = 16
// returnedFunction2 remembers localNumber=2 and paramNumberOld=5
console.log( returnedFunction2(11) );// 5 + 2 + 5 + 11 = 23

16
23


let globalCount = 10;
function myCounter() {
  let count = 0;

  return function () {
    globalCount += 1;
    count += 1;
    console.log(count, globalCount);
  };
}

let counter1 = myCounter();
let counter2 = myCounter();


counter1();
counter1();

1 11
2 12


counter2();
counter2();

1 13
2 14


counter1.count
// undefined


(function (x, y){
    console.log(x * y);
  }
)(2, 3);

6


function SoftwareDeveloper(language) {
  this.favoriteLanguage = language;
}


let developer = new SoftwareDeveloper('JavaScript');
developer;

SoftwareDeveloper { favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript' }


let otherDeveloper = { favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript' };
otherDeveloper

{ favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript' }


developer.constructor;

[Function: SoftwareDeveloper]


otherDeveloper.constructor;

[Function: Object]


let engineer = new SoftwareDeveloper('Python');
let programmer = new SoftwareDeveloper('Julia');

console.log(engineer);
// SoftwareDeveloper { favoriteLanguage: 'Python' }

console.log(programmer);
// SoftwareDeveloper { favoriteLanguage: 'Julia' }

SoftwareDeveloper { favoriteLanguage: 'Python' }
SoftwareDeveloper { favoriteLanguage: 'Julia' }


function SoftwareDeveloper(name) {
  this.favoriteLanguage = 'JavaScript';
  this.name = name;
  this.introduce = function (){
      console.log(`Hi, my name is ${this.name} and I like ${this.favoriteLanguage}`)
  }
}


let instructor = new SoftwareDeveloper('Andrew');
instructor;

SoftwareDeveloper {
  favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript',
  name: 'Andrew',
  introduce: [Function] }


let teacher = new SoftwareDeveloper('Richard');
teacher;

SoftwareDeveloper {
  favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript',
  name: 'Richard',
  introduce: [Function] }


teacher.introduce();

Hi, my name is Richard and I like JavaScript


let coder = SoftwareDeveloper('David');
console.log(coder);

undefined


typeof teacher;

'object'


teacher instanceof SoftwareDeveloper;

true


function multiply(n1, n2) {
  return n1 * n2;
}
window = this;

Object [global] {
  DTRACE_NET_SERVER_CONNECTION: [Function],
  DTRACE_NET_STREAM_END: [Function],
  DTRACE_HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST: [Function],
  DTRACE_HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE: [Function],
  DTRACE_HTTP_CLIENT_REQUEST: [Function],
  DTRACE_HTTP_CLIENT_RESPONSE: [Function],
  COUNTER_NET_SERVER_CONNECTION: [Function],
  COUNTER_NET_SERVER_CONNECTION_CLOSE: [Function],
  COUNTER_HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST: [Function],
  COUNTER_HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE: [Function],
  COUNTER_HTTP_CLIENT_REQUEST: [Function],
  COUNTER_HTTP_CLIENT_RESPONSE: [Function],
  global: [Circular],
  process:
   process {
     title: 'Jupyter Learning',
     version: 'v10.13.0',
     versions:
      { http_parser: '2.8.0',
        node: '10.13.0',
        v8: '6.8.275.32-node.36',
        uv: '1.23.2',
        zlib: '1.2.11',
        ares: '1.14.0',
        modules: '64',
        nghttp2: '1.34.0',
        napi: '3',
        openssl: '1.1.0i',
        icu: '62.1',
        unicode: '11.0',
        cldr: '33.1',
        tz: '2018e' },
     arch: 'x64',
     platform: 'win32',
     release:
      { name: 'node',
        lts: 'Dubnium',
        sourceUrl:
         'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v10.13.0/node-v10.13.0.tar.gz',
        headersUrl:
         'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v10.13.0/node-v10.13.0-headers.tar.gz',
        libUrl:
         'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v10.13.0/win-x64/node.lib' },
     argv: [ 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\node.exe' ],
     execArgv:
      [ '--eval',
        '(function() {\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2018, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */\nvar console = require("console");\nvar stream = require("stream");\nvar util = require("util");\nvar vm = require("vm");\n/* eslint-enable no-unused-vars */\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2015, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global console */\n/* global stream */\n/* global util */\n\n/* global log */\n/* global Display */\n\nfunction Stdout(id, opt) {\n    stream.Transform.call(this, opt);\n\n    this._id = id;\n}\n\nStdout.prototype = Object.create(stream.Transform.prototype);\n\nStdout.prototype._transform = function(data, encoding, callback) {\n    var response = {\n        id: this._id,\n        stdout: data.toString(),\n    };\n    log("STDOUT:", response);\n    process.send(response);\n    this.push(data);\n    callback();\n};\n\nfunction Stderr(id, opt) {\n    stream.Transform.call(this, opt);\n\n    this._id = id;\n}\n\nStderr.prototype = Object.create(stream.Transform.prototype);\n\nStderr.prototype._transform = function(data, encoding, callback) {\n    var response = {\n        id: this._id,\n        stderr: data.toString(),\n    };\n    log("STDERR:", response);\n    process.send(response);\n    this.push(data);\n    callback();\n};\n\nfunction Context(requester, id) {\n    this.requester = requester;\n    this.id = id;\n\n    this.stdout = new Stdout(this.id);\n    this.stderr = new Stderr(this.id);\n    this.console = new console.Console(this.stdout, this.stderr);\n\n    this._capturedStdout = null;\n    this._capturedStderr = null;\n    this._capturedConsole = null;\n\n    this._async = false;\n    this._done = false;\n\n    // `$$` provides an interface for users to access the execution context\n    this.$$ = Object.create(null);\n\n    this.$$.async = (function async(value) {\n        this._async = (arguments.length === 0) ? true : !!value;\n        return this._async;\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.done = (function done(result) {\n        this.send((arguments.length === 0) ? {\n            end: true,\n        } : {\n            mime: toMime(result),\n            end: true,\n        });\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.sendResult = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendResult(result, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: toMime(result),\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.sendError = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendError(error, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                error: formatError(error),\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.mime = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendMime(mimeBundle, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: mimeBundle,\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.text = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendText(text, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "text/plain": text,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.html = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendHtml(html, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "text/html": html,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.svg = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendSvg(svg, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/svg+xml": svg,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.png = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendPng(png, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/png": png,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.jpeg = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendJpeg(jpeg, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/jpeg": jpeg,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.json = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendJson(json, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "application/json": json,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.input = (function input(options, callback) {\n        this.$$.async();\n\n        var inputRequest = {\n            input: options,\n        };\n\n        var inputCallback;\n        if (typeof callback === "function") {\n            inputCallback = function inputCallback(error, reply) {\n                callback(error, reply.input);\n            };\n        }\n\n        var promise = this.requester.send(this, inputRequest, inputCallback);\n        if (promise) {\n            return promise.then(function(reply) { return reply.input; });\n        }\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.display = (function createDisplay(id) {\n        return (arguments.length === 0) ?\n            new Display(this.id) :\n            new Display(this.id, id);\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.clear = (function clear(options) {\n        this.send({\n            request: {\n                clear: options || {},\n            },\n        });\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    function isPromise(output) {\n        if (!global.Promise || typeof global.Promise !== "function") {\n            return false;\n        }\n        return output instanceof global.Promise;\n    }\n\n    function resolvePromise(outputHandler) {\n        return function(output, keepAlive) {\n            if (isPromise(output)) {\n                this.$$.async();\n\n                output.then(function(resolvedOutput) {\n                    outputHandler.call(this, resolvedOutput, keepAlive);\n                }.bind(this)).catch(function(error) {\n                    this.send({\n                        error: formatError(error),\n                        end: true,\n                    });\n                }.bind(this));\n\n                return;\n            }\n\n            outputHandler.apply(this, arguments);\n        }.bind(this);\n    }\n}\n\nContext.prototype.send = function send(message) {\n    message.id = this.id;\n\n    if (this._done) {\n        log("SEND: DROPPED:", message);\n        return;\n    }\n\n    if (message.end) {\n        this._done = true;\n        this._async = false;\n    }\n\n    log("SEND:", message);\n\n    process.send(message);\n};\n\nContext.prototype.captureGlobalContext = function captureGlobalContext() {\n    this._capturedStdout = process.stdout;\n    this._capturedStderr = process.stderr;\n    this._capturedConsole = console;\n\n    this.stdout.pipe(this._capturedStdout);\n    this.stderr.pipe(this._capturedStderr);\n    this.console.Console = this._capturedConsole.Console;\n\n    delete process.stdout;\n    process.stdout = this.stdout;\n\n    delete process.stderr;\n    process.stderr = this.stderr;\n\n    delete global.console;\n    global.console = this.console;\n\n    delete global.$$;\n    global.$$ = this.$$;\n\n    if (typeof global.$$mimer$$ !== "function") {\n        global.$$mimer$$ = defaultMimer;\n    }\n\n    delete global.$$mime$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$mime$$", {\n        set: this.$$.mime,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$html$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$html$$", {\n        set: this.$$.html,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$svg$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$svg$$", {\n        set: this.$$.svg,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$png$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$png$$", {\n        set: this.$$.png,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$jpeg$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$jpeg$$", {\n        set: this.$$.jpeg,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$async$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$async$$", {\n        get: (function() {\n            return this._async;\n        }).bind(this),\n        set: (function(value) {\n            this._async = !!value;\n        }).bind(this),\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    global.$$done$$ = this.$$.done.bind(this);\n\n    if (!global.hasOwnProperty("$$defaultMimer$$")) {\n        Object.defineProperty(global, "$$defaultMimer$$", {\n            value: defaultMimer,\n            configurable: false,\n            writable: false,\n            enumerable: false,\n        });\n    }\n};\n\nContext.prototype.releaseGlobalContext = function releaseGlobalContext() {\n    if (process.stdout === this.stdout) {\n        this.stdout.unpipe();\n\n        delete process.stdout;\n        process.stdout = this._capturedStdout;\n\n        this._capturedStdout = null;\n    }\n\n    if (process.stderr === this.stderr) {\n        this.stderr.unpipe();\n\n        delete process.stderr;\n        process.stderr = this._capturedStderr;\n\n        this._capturedStderr = null;\n    }\n\n    if (global.console === this.console) {\n        delete global.console;\n        global.console = this._capturedConsole;\n\n        this._capturedConsole = null;\n    }\n};\n\nfunction formatError(error) {\n    return {\n        ename: (error && error.name) ?\n            error.name : typeof error,\n        evalue: (error && error.message) ?\n            error.message : util.inspect(error),\n        traceback: (error && error.stack) ?\n            error.stack.split("\\n") : "",\n    };\n}\n\nfunction toMime(result) {\n    var mimer = (typeof global.$$mimer$$ === "function") ?\n        global.$$mimer$$ :\n        defaultMimer;\n    return mimer(result);\n}\n\nfunction defaultMimer(result) { // eslint-disable-line complexity\n    if (typeof result === "undefined") {\n        return {\n            "text/plain": "undefined"\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (result === null) {\n        return {\n            "text/plain": "null"\n        };\n    }\n\n    var mime;\n    if (result._toMime) {\n        try {\n            mime = result._toMime();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n    if (typeof mime !== "object") {\n        mime = {};\n    }\n\n    if (!("text/plain" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["text/plain"] = util.inspect(result);\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toHtml && !("text/html" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["text/html"] = result._toHtml();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toSvg && !("image/svg+xml" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/svg+xml"] = result._toSvg();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toPng && !("image/png" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/png"] = result._toPng();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toJpeg && !("image/jpeg" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/jpeg"] = result._toJpeg();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    return mime;\n}\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2017, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\nfunction Display(context_id, display_id) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var send;\n\n    this.mime = function mime(mimeBundle) {\n        send(mimeBundle);\n    };\n\n    this.text = function text(text) {\n        send({"text/plain": text});\n    };\n\n    this.html = function html(html) {\n        send({"text/html": html});\n    };\n\n    this.svg = function svg(svg) {\n        send({"image/svg+xml": svg});\n    };\n\n    this.png = function png(png) {\n        send({"image/png": png});\n    };\n\n    this.jpeg = function jpeg(jpeg) {\n        send({"image/jpeg": jpeg});\n    };\n\n    this.json = function json(json) {\n        send({"application/json": json});\n    };\n\n    this.close = function close() {\n        process.send({\n            id: context_id,\n            display: {\n                close: display_id,\n            },\n        });\n    };\n\n    if (arguments.length < 2) {\n        // case: without a display_id\n        send = function send(mime) {\n            process.send({\n                id: context_id,\n                display: {\n                    mime: mime,\n                },\n            });\n        };\n    } else {\n        // case: with a display_id\n        send = function send(mime) {\n            process.send({\n                id: context_id,\n                display: {\n                    display_id: display_id,\n                    mime: mime,\n                },\n            });\n        };\n\n        // open the display_id\n        process.send({\n            id: context_id,\n            display: {\n                open: display_id,\n            },\n        });\n    }\n}\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2017, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global Promise */\n\nfunction Requester() {\n    // id for next request\n    this.id = 0;\n\n    // callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.callbacks = {};\n\n    // the Promise resolve callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.resolves = {};\n\n    // the Promise reject callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.rejects = {};\n\n    // the string to be returned to a request (indexed by id)\n    this.responses = {};\n}\n\n// send a request\nRequester.prototype.send = function send(context, request, callback) {\n    var id = this.id++;\n\n    if (callback) {\n        this.callbacks[id] = callback;\n    }\n\n    var promise;\n    if (global.Promise) {\n        promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n            if (!this.responses.hasOwnProperty(id)) {\n                this.resolves[id] = resolve;\n                this.rejects[id] = reject;\n                return;\n            }\n\n            var response = this.responses[id];\n            delete this.responses[id];\n            resolve(response);\n        }.bind(this));\n    }\n\n    request.id = id;\n\n    context.send({\n        request: request,\n    });\n\n    return promise;\n};\n\n// pass reply to the callbacks associated with a request\nRequester.prototype.receive = function receive(id, reply) {\n    var callback = this.callbacks[id];\n    if (callback) {\n        delete this.callbacks[id];\n        callback(null, reply);\n    }\n\n    var resolve = this.resolves[id];\n    if (resolve) {\n        delete this.resolves[id];\n        delete this.rejects[id];\n        resolve(reply);\n    }\n};\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2015, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global util */\n/* global vm */\n\n/* global Context */\n/* global defaultMimer */\n/* global Requester */\n\n// Shared variables\nvar DEBUG = !!process.env.DEBUG;\nvar log;\nvar requester;\nvar initialContext;\n\n// Init IPC server\ninit();\n\nreturn;\n\nfunction init() {\n    // Setup logger\n    log = DEBUG ?\n        function log() {\n            process.send({\n                log: "SERVER: " + util.format.apply(this, arguments),\n            });\n        } :\n        function noop() {};\n\n    // Create instance to send requests\n    requester = new Requester();\n\n    // Capture the initial context\n    // (id left undefined to indicate this is the initial context)\n    initialContext = new Context(requester);\n    initialContext.captureGlobalContext();\n\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$defaultMimer$$", {\n        value: defaultMimer,\n        configurable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    process.on("message", onMessage.bind(this));\n\n    process.on("uncaughtException", onUncaughtException.bind(this));\n\n    process.send({\n        status: "online",\n    });\n}\n\nfunction onUncaughtException(error) {\n    log("UNCAUGHTEXCEPTION:", error.stack);\n    process.send({\n        stderr: error.stack.toString(),\n    });\n}\n\nfunction onMessage(message) {\n    log("RECEIVED:", message);\n\n    var action = message[0];\n    var code = message[1];\n    var id = message[2];\n\n    initialContext.releaseGlobalContext();\n    var context = new Context(requester, id);\n    context.captureGlobalContext();\n\n    try {\n        if (action === "getAllPropertyNames") {\n            onNameRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "inspect") {\n            onInspectRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "run") {\n            onRunRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "reply") {\n            onReply(message);\n        } else {\n            throw new Error("NEL: Unhandled action: " + action);\n        }\n    } catch (error) {\n        context.$$.sendError(error);\n    }\n\n    context.releaseGlobalContext();\n    initialContext.captureGlobalContext();\n    initialContext._done = false;\n}\n\nfunction onReply(message) {\n    var reply = message[1];\n    var id = message[3];\n    requester.receive(id, reply);\n}\n\nfunction onNameRequest(code, context) {\n    var message = {\n        id: context.id,\n        names: getAllPropertyNames(run(code)),\n        end: true,\n    };\n    context.send(message);\n}\n\nfunction onInspectRequest(code, context) {\n    var message = {\n        id: context.id,\n        inspection: inspect(run(code)),\n        end: true,\n    };\n    context.send(message);\n}\n\nfunction onRunRequest(code, context) {\n    var result = run(code);\n\n    // If a result has already been sent, do not send this result.\n    if (context._done) {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If the result is a Promise, send the result fulfilled by the promise\n    if (isPromise(result)) {\n        context.$$.sendResult(result);\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If async mode has been enabled (and the result is not a Promise),\n    // do not send this result.\n    if (context._async) {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If no result has been sent yet and async mode has not been enabled,\n    // send this result.\n    context.$$.sendResult(result);\n\n    return;\n\n    function isPromise(output) {\n        if (!global.Promise || typeof global.Promise !== "function") {\n            return false;\n        }\n        return output instanceof global.Promise;\n    }\n}\n\nfunction getAllPropertyNames(object) {\n    var propertyList = [];\n\n    if (object === undefined) {\n        return [];\n    }\n\n    if (object === null) {\n        return [];\n    }\n\n    var prototype;\n    if (typeof object === "boolean") {\n        prototype = Boolean.prototype;\n    } else if (typeof object === "number") {\n        prototype = Number.prototype;\n    } else if (typeof object === "string") {\n        prototype = String.prototype;\n    } else {\n        prototype = object;\n    }\n\n    var prototypeList = [prototype];\n\n    function pushToPropertyList(e) {\n        if (propertyList.indexOf(e) === -1) {\n            propertyList.push(e);\n        }\n    }\n\n    while (prototype) {\n        var names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(prototype).sort();\n        names.forEach(pushToPropertyList);\n\n        prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype);\n        if (prototype === null) {\n            break;\n        }\n\n        if (prototypeList.indexOf(prototype) === -1) {\n            prototypeList.push(prototype);\n        }\n    }\n\n    return propertyList;\n}\n\nfunction inspect(object) {\n    if (object === undefined) {\n        return {\n            string: "undefined",\n            type: "Undefined",\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (object === null) {\n        return {\n            string: "null",\n            type: "Null",\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "boolean") {\n        return {\n            string: object ? "true" : "false",\n            type: "Boolean",\n            constructorList: ["Boolean", "Object"],\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "number") {\n        return {\n            string: util.inspect(object),\n            type: "Number",\n            constructorList: ["Number", "Object"],\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "string") {\n        return {\n            string: object,\n            type: "String",\n            constructorList: ["String", "Object"],\n            length: object.length,\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "function") {\n        return {\n            string: object.toString(),\n            type: "Function",\n            constructorList: ["Function", "Object"],\n            length: object.length,\n        };\n    }\n\n    var constructorList = getConstructorList(object);\n    var result = {\n        string: toString(object),\n        type: constructorList[0] || "",\n        constructorList: constructorList,\n    };\n\n    if ("length" in object) {\n        result.length = object.length;\n    }\n\n    return result;\n\n    function toString(object) {\n        try {\n            return util.inspect(object.valueOf());\n        } catch (e) {\n            return util.inspect(object);\n        }\n    }\n\n    function getConstructorList(object) {\n        var constructorList = [];\n\n        for (\n            var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(object);\n            prototype && prototype.constructor;\n            prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype)\n        ) {\n            constructorList.push(prototype.constructor.name);\n        }\n\n        return constructorList;\n    }\n}\n\nfunction run(code) {\n    return vm.runInThisContext(code);\n}\n\n})();' ],
     env:
      { ALLUSERSPROFILE: 'C:\\ProgramData',
        APPDATA: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Roaming',
        COMMONPROGRAMFILES: 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
        'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files',
        COMMONPROGRAMW6432: 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
        COMPUTERNAME: 'DESKTOP-KIU7VUB',
        COMSPEC: 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe',
        CONDA_PREFIX: 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3',
        DRIVERDATA: 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\DriverData',
        HOMEDRIVE: 'C:',
        HOMEPATH: '\\Users\\ruszk',
        IPY_INTERRUPT_EVENT: '1468',
        JPY_INTERRUPT_EVENT: '1468',
        JPY_PARENT_PID: '2172',
        LOCALAPPDATA: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Local',
        LOGONSERVER: '\\\\DESKTOP-KIU7VUB',
        NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS: '4',
        ONEDRIVE: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\OneDrive',
        ONEDRIVECONSUMER: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\OneDrive',
        OS: 'Windows_NT',
        PATH:
         'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Library\\mingw-w64\\bin;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Library\\usr\\bin;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Scripts;C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Windows\\System32\\OpenSSH\\;C:\\Program Files\\Git\\cmd;C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft VS Code\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\PuTTY\\;C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm',
        PATHEXT: '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC',
        PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE: 'AMD64',
        PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER: 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 69 Stepping 1, GenuineIntel',
        PROCESSOR_LEVEL: '6',
        PROCESSOR_REVISION: '4501',
        PROGRAMDATA: 'C:\\ProgramData',
        PROGRAMFILES: 'C:\\Program Files',
        'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)',
        PROGRAMW6432: 'C:\\Program Files',
        PROMPT: '$P$G',
        PSMODULEPATH:
         'C:\\Program Files\\WindowsPowerShell\\Modules;C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules',
        PUBLIC: 'C:\\Users\\Public',
        SESSIONNAME: 'Console',
        SYSTEMDRIVE: 'C:',
        SYSTEMROOT: 'C:\\Windows',
        TEMP: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Local\\Temp',
        TMP: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\AppData\\Local\\Temp',
        USERDOMAIN: 'DESKTOP-KIU7VUB',
        USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE: 'DESKTOP-KIU7VUB',
        USERNAME: 'ruszk',
        USERPROFILE: 'C:\\Users\\ruszk',
        WINDIR: 'C:\\Windows' },
     pid: 9828,
     features:
      { debug: false,
        uv: true,
        ipv6: true,
        tls_alpn: true,
        tls_sni: true,
        tls_ocsp: true,
        tls: true },
     ppid: 7208,
     _eval:
      '(function() {\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2018, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */\nvar console = require("console");\nvar stream = require("stream");\nvar util = require("util");\nvar vm = require("vm");\n/* eslint-enable no-unused-vars */\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2015, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global console */\n/* global stream */\n/* global util */\n\n/* global log */\n/* global Display */\n\nfunction Stdout(id, opt) {\n    stream.Transform.call(this, opt);\n\n    this._id = id;\n}\n\nStdout.prototype = Object.create(stream.Transform.prototype);\n\nStdout.prototype._transform = function(data, encoding, callback) {\n    var response = {\n        id: this._id,\n        stdout: data.toString(),\n    };\n    log("STDOUT:", response);\n    process.send(response);\n    this.push(data);\n    callback();\n};\n\nfunction Stderr(id, opt) {\n    stream.Transform.call(this, opt);\n\n    this._id = id;\n}\n\nStderr.prototype = Object.create(stream.Transform.prototype);\n\nStderr.prototype._transform = function(data, encoding, callback) {\n    var response = {\n        id: this._id,\n        stderr: data.toString(),\n    };\n    log("STDERR:", response);\n    process.send(response);\n    this.push(data);\n    callback();\n};\n\nfunction Context(requester, id) {\n    this.requester = requester;\n    this.id = id;\n\n    this.stdout = new Stdout(this.id);\n    this.stderr = new Stderr(this.id);\n    this.console = new console.Console(this.stdout, this.stderr);\n\n    this._capturedStdout = null;\n    this._capturedStderr = null;\n    this._capturedConsole = null;\n\n    this._async = false;\n    this._done = false;\n\n    // `$$` provides an interface for users to access the execution context\n    this.$$ = Object.create(null);\n\n    this.$$.async = (function async(value) {\n        this._async = (arguments.length === 0) ? true : !!value;\n        return this._async;\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.done = (function done(result) {\n        this.send((arguments.length === 0) ? {\n            end: true,\n        } : {\n            mime: toMime(result),\n            end: true,\n        });\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.sendResult = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendResult(result, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: toMime(result),\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.sendError = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendError(error, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                error: formatError(error),\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.mime = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendMime(mimeBundle, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: mimeBundle,\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.text = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendText(text, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "text/plain": text,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.html = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendHtml(html, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "text/html": html,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.svg = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendSvg(svg, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/svg+xml": svg,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.png = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendPng(png, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/png": png,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.jpeg = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendJpeg(jpeg, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "image/jpeg": jpeg,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.json = resolvePromise.call(this,\n        function sendJson(json, keepAlive) {\n            if (keepAlive) this.$$.async();\n\n            this.send({\n                mime: {\n                    "application/json": json,\n                },\n                end: !keepAlive,\n            });\n        }\n    );\n\n    this.$$.input = (function input(options, callback) {\n        this.$$.async();\n\n        var inputRequest = {\n            input: options,\n        };\n\n        var inputCallback;\n        if (typeof callback === "function") {\n            inputCallback = function inputCallback(error, reply) {\n                callback(error, reply.input);\n            };\n        }\n\n        var promise = this.requester.send(this, inputRequest, inputCallback);\n        if (promise) {\n            return promise.then(function(reply) { return reply.input; });\n        }\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.display = (function createDisplay(id) {\n        return (arguments.length === 0) ?\n            new Display(this.id) :\n            new Display(this.id, id);\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    this.$$.clear = (function clear(options) {\n        this.send({\n            request: {\n                clear: options || {},\n            },\n        });\n    }).bind(this);\n\n    function isPromise(output) {\n        if (!global.Promise || typeof global.Promise !== "function") {\n            return false;\n        }\n        return output instanceof global.Promise;\n    }\n\n    function resolvePromise(outputHandler) {\n        return function(output, keepAlive) {\n            if (isPromise(output)) {\n                this.$$.async();\n\n                output.then(function(resolvedOutput) {\n                    outputHandler.call(this, resolvedOutput, keepAlive);\n                }.bind(this)).catch(function(error) {\n                    this.send({\n                        error: formatError(error),\n                        end: true,\n                    });\n                }.bind(this));\n\n                return;\n            }\n\n            outputHandler.apply(this, arguments);\n        }.bind(this);\n    }\n}\n\nContext.prototype.send = function send(message) {\n    message.id = this.id;\n\n    if (this._done) {\n        log("SEND: DROPPED:", message);\n        return;\n    }\n\n    if (message.end) {\n        this._done = true;\n        this._async = false;\n    }\n\n    log("SEND:", message);\n\n    process.send(message);\n};\n\nContext.prototype.captureGlobalContext = function captureGlobalContext() {\n    this._capturedStdout = process.stdout;\n    this._capturedStderr = process.stderr;\n    this._capturedConsole = console;\n\n    this.stdout.pipe(this._capturedStdout);\n    this.stderr.pipe(this._capturedStderr);\n    this.console.Console = this._capturedConsole.Console;\n\n    delete process.stdout;\n    process.stdout = this.stdout;\n\n    delete process.stderr;\n    process.stderr = this.stderr;\n\n    delete global.console;\n    global.console = this.console;\n\n    delete global.$$;\n    global.$$ = this.$$;\n\n    if (typeof global.$$mimer$$ !== "function") {\n        global.$$mimer$$ = defaultMimer;\n    }\n\n    delete global.$$mime$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$mime$$", {\n        set: this.$$.mime,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$html$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$html$$", {\n        set: this.$$.html,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$svg$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$svg$$", {\n        set: this.$$.svg,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$png$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$png$$", {\n        set: this.$$.png,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$jpeg$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$jpeg$$", {\n        set: this.$$.jpeg,\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    delete global.$$async$$;\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$async$$", {\n        get: (function() {\n            return this._async;\n        }).bind(this),\n        set: (function(value) {\n            this._async = !!value;\n        }).bind(this),\n        configurable: true,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    global.$$done$$ = this.$$.done.bind(this);\n\n    if (!global.hasOwnProperty("$$defaultMimer$$")) {\n        Object.defineProperty(global, "$$defaultMimer$$", {\n            value: defaultMimer,\n            configurable: false,\n            writable: false,\n            enumerable: false,\n        });\n    }\n};\n\nContext.prototype.releaseGlobalContext = function releaseGlobalContext() {\n    if (process.stdout === this.stdout) {\n        this.stdout.unpipe();\n\n        delete process.stdout;\n        process.stdout = this._capturedStdout;\n\n        this._capturedStdout = null;\n    }\n\n    if (process.stderr === this.stderr) {\n        this.stderr.unpipe();\n\n        delete process.stderr;\n        process.stderr = this._capturedStderr;\n\n        this._capturedStderr = null;\n    }\n\n    if (global.console === this.console) {\n        delete global.console;\n        global.console = this._capturedConsole;\n\n        this._capturedConsole = null;\n    }\n};\n\nfunction formatError(error) {\n    return {\n        ename: (error && error.name) ?\n            error.name : typeof error,\n        evalue: (error && error.message) ?\n            error.message : util.inspect(error),\n        traceback: (error && error.stack) ?\n            error.stack.split("\\n") : "",\n    };\n}\n\nfunction toMime(result) {\n    var mimer = (typeof global.$$mimer$$ === "function") ?\n        global.$$mimer$$ :\n        defaultMimer;\n    return mimer(result);\n}\n\nfunction defaultMimer(result) { // eslint-disable-line complexity\n    if (typeof result === "undefined") {\n        return {\n            "text/plain": "undefined"\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (result === null) {\n        return {\n            "text/plain": "null"\n        };\n    }\n\n    var mime;\n    if (result._toMime) {\n        try {\n            mime = result._toMime();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n    if (typeof mime !== "object") {\n        mime = {};\n    }\n\n    if (!("text/plain" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["text/plain"] = util.inspect(result);\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toHtml && !("text/html" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["text/html"] = result._toHtml();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toSvg && !("image/svg+xml" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/svg+xml"] = result._toSvg();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toPng && !("image/png" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/png"] = result._toPng();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    if (result._toJpeg && !("image/jpeg" in mime)) {\n        try {\n            mime["image/jpeg"] = result._toJpeg();\n        } catch (error) {}\n    }\n\n    return mime;\n}\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2017, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\nfunction Display(context_id, display_id) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var send;\n\n    this.mime = function mime(mimeBundle) {\n        send(mimeBundle);\n    };\n\n    this.text = function text(text) {\n        send({"text/plain": text});\n    };\n\n    this.html = function html(html) {\n        send({"text/html": html});\n    };\n\n    this.svg = function svg(svg) {\n        send({"image/svg+xml": svg});\n    };\n\n    this.png = function png(png) {\n        send({"image/png": png});\n    };\n\n    this.jpeg = function jpeg(jpeg) {\n        send({"image/jpeg": jpeg});\n    };\n\n    this.json = function json(json) {\n        send({"application/json": json});\n    };\n\n    this.close = function close() {\n        process.send({\n            id: context_id,\n            display: {\n                close: display_id,\n            },\n        });\n    };\n\n    if (arguments.length < 2) {\n        // case: without a display_id\n        send = function send(mime) {\n            process.send({\n                id: context_id,\n                display: {\n                    mime: mime,\n                },\n            });\n        };\n    } else {\n        // case: with a display_id\n        send = function send(mime) {\n            process.send({\n                id: context_id,\n                display: {\n                    display_id: display_id,\n                    mime: mime,\n                },\n            });\n        };\n\n        // open the display_id\n        process.send({\n            id: context_id,\n            display: {\n                open: display_id,\n            },\n        });\n    }\n}\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2017, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global Promise */\n\nfunction Requester() {\n    // id for next request\n    this.id = 0;\n\n    // callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.callbacks = {};\n\n    // the Promise resolve callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.resolves = {};\n\n    // the Promise reject callback associated with a request (indexed by id)\n    this.rejects = {};\n\n    // the string to be returned to a request (indexed by id)\n    this.responses = {};\n}\n\n// send a request\nRequester.prototype.send = function send(context, request, callback) {\n    var id = this.id++;\n\n    if (callback) {\n        this.callbacks[id] = callback;\n    }\n\n    var promise;\n    if (global.Promise) {\n        promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n            if (!this.responses.hasOwnProperty(id)) {\n                this.resolves[id] = resolve;\n                this.rejects[id] = reject;\n                return;\n            }\n\n            var response = this.responses[id];\n            delete this.responses[id];\n            resolve(response);\n        }.bind(this));\n    }\n\n    request.id = id;\n\n    context.send({\n        request: request,\n    });\n\n    return promise;\n};\n\n// pass reply to the callbacks associated with a request\nRequester.prototype.receive = function receive(id, reply) {\n    var callback = this.callbacks[id];\n    if (callback) {\n        delete this.callbacks[id];\n        callback(null, reply);\n    }\n\n    var resolve = this.resolves[id];\n    if (resolve) {\n        delete this.resolves[id];\n        delete this.rejects[id];\n        resolve(reply);\n    }\n};\n\n/*\n * BSD 3-Clause License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2015, Nicolas Riesco and others as credited in the AUTHORS file\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n *\n * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n *\n * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,\n * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation\n * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n *\n * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors\n * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without\n * specific prior written permission.\n *\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE\n * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n *\n */\n\n/* global util */\n/* global vm */\n\n/* global Context */\n/* global defaultMimer */\n/* global Requester */\n\n// Shared variables\nvar DEBUG = !!process.env.DEBUG;\nvar log;\nvar requester;\nvar initialContext;\n\n// Init IPC server\ninit();\n\nreturn;\n\nfunction init() {\n    // Setup logger\n    log = DEBUG ?\n        function log() {\n            process.send({\n                log: "SERVER: " + util.format.apply(this, arguments),\n            });\n        } :\n        function noop() {};\n\n    // Create instance to send requests\n    requester = new Requester();\n\n    // Capture the initial context\n    // (id left undefined to indicate this is the initial context)\n    initialContext = new Context(requester);\n    initialContext.captureGlobalContext();\n\n    Object.defineProperty(global, "$$defaultMimer$$", {\n        value: defaultMimer,\n        configurable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        enumerable: false,\n    });\n\n    process.on("message", onMessage.bind(this));\n\n    process.on("uncaughtException", onUncaughtException.bind(this));\n\n    process.send({\n        status: "online",\n    });\n}\n\nfunction onUncaughtException(error) {\n    log("UNCAUGHTEXCEPTION:", error.stack);\n    process.send({\n        stderr: error.stack.toString(),\n    });\n}\n\nfunction onMessage(message) {\n    log("RECEIVED:", message);\n\n    var action = message[0];\n    var code = message[1];\n    var id = message[2];\n\n    initialContext.releaseGlobalContext();\n    var context = new Context(requester, id);\n    context.captureGlobalContext();\n\n    try {\n        if (action === "getAllPropertyNames") {\n            onNameRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "inspect") {\n            onInspectRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "run") {\n            onRunRequest(code, context);\n        } else if (action === "reply") {\n            onReply(message);\n        } else {\n            throw new Error("NEL: Unhandled action: " + action);\n        }\n    } catch (error) {\n        context.$$.sendError(error);\n    }\n\n    context.releaseGlobalContext();\n    initialContext.captureGlobalContext();\n    initialContext._done = false;\n}\n\nfunction onReply(message) {\n    var reply = message[1];\n    var id = message[3];\n    requester.receive(id, reply);\n}\n\nfunction onNameRequest(code, context) {\n    var message = {\n        id: context.id,\n        names: getAllPropertyNames(run(code)),\n        end: true,\n    };\n    context.send(message);\n}\n\nfunction onInspectRequest(code, context) {\n    var message = {\n        id: context.id,\n        inspection: inspect(run(code)),\n        end: true,\n    };\n    context.send(message);\n}\n\nfunction onRunRequest(code, context) {\n    var result = run(code);\n\n    // If a result has already been sent, do not send this result.\n    if (context._done) {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If the result is a Promise, send the result fulfilled by the promise\n    if (isPromise(result)) {\n        context.$$.sendResult(result);\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If async mode has been enabled (and the result is not a Promise),\n    // do not send this result.\n    if (context._async) {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    // If no result has been sent yet and async mode has not been enabled,\n    // send this result.\n    context.$$.sendResult(result);\n\n    return;\n\n    function isPromise(output) {\n        if (!global.Promise || typeof global.Promise !== "function") {\n            return false;\n        }\n        return output instanceof global.Promise;\n    }\n}\n\nfunction getAllPropertyNames(object) {\n    var propertyList = [];\n\n    if (object === undefined) {\n        return [];\n    }\n\n    if (object === null) {\n        return [];\n    }\n\n    var prototype;\n    if (typeof object === "boolean") {\n        prototype = Boolean.prototype;\n    } else if (typeof object === "number") {\n        prototype = Number.prototype;\n    } else if (typeof object === "string") {\n        prototype = String.prototype;\n    } else {\n        prototype = object;\n    }\n\n    var prototypeList = [prototype];\n\n    function pushToPropertyList(e) {\n        if (propertyList.indexOf(e) === -1) {\n            propertyList.push(e);\n        }\n    }\n\n    while (prototype) {\n        var names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(prototype).sort();\n        names.forEach(pushToPropertyList);\n\n        prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype);\n        if (prototype === null) {\n            break;\n        }\n\n        if (prototypeList.indexOf(prototype) === -1) {\n            prototypeList.push(prototype);\n        }\n    }\n\n    return propertyList;\n}\n\nfunction inspect(object) {\n    if (object === undefined) {\n        return {\n            string: "undefined",\n            type: "Undefined",\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (object === null) {\n        return {\n            string: "null",\n            type: "Null",\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "boolean") {\n        return {\n            string: object ? "true" : "false",\n            type: "Boolean",\n            constructorList: ["Boolean", "Object"],\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "number") {\n        return {\n            string: util.inspect(object),\n            type: "Number",\n            constructorList: ["Number", "Object"],\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "string") {\n        return {\n            string: object,\n            type: "String",\n            constructorList: ["String", "Object"],\n            length: object.length,\n        };\n    }\n\n    if (typeof object === "function") {\n        return {\n            string: object.toString(),\n            type: "Function",\n            constructorList: ["Function", "Object"],\n            length: object.length,\n        };\n    }\n\n    var constructorList = getConstructorList(object);\n    var result = {\n        string: toString(object),\n        type: constructorList[0] || "",\n        constructorList: constructorList,\n    };\n\n    if ("length" in object) {\n        result.length = object.length;\n    }\n\n    return result;\n\n    function toString(object) {\n        try {\n            return util.inspect(object.valueOf());\n        } catch (e) {\n            return util.inspect(object);\n        }\n    }\n\n    function getConstructorList(object) {\n        var constructorList = [];\n\n        for (\n            var prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(object);\n            prototype && prototype.constructor;\n            prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype)\n        ) {\n            constructorList.push(prototype.constructor.name);\n        }\n\n        return constructorList;\n    }\n}\n\nfunction run(code) {\n    return vm.runInThisContext(code);\n}\n\n})();',
     execPath: 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\node.exe',
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     binding: [Function: binding],
     _linkedBinding: [Function: _linkedBinding],
     _events:
      { newListener: [Array],
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     _eventsCount: 6,
     _maxListeners: undefined,
     _fatalException: [Function],
     domain: null,
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     setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback: [Function],
     hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback: [Function],
     emitWarning: [Function],
     nextTick: [Function: nextTick],
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     stdin: [Getter],
     openStdin: [Function],
     hrtime: { [Function: hrtime] bigint: [Function] },
     cpuUsage: [Function: cpuUsage],
     memoryUsage: [Function: memoryUsage],
     exit: [Function],
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      Pipe {
        buffering: false,
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        onread: [Function],
        sockets: [Object] },
     _channel: [Getter/Setter],
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     send: [Function],
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     connected: true,
     disconnect: [Function],
     _disconnect: [Function],
     argv0: 'C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\node.exe',
     allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags: [Getter/Setter],
     stdout:
      Transform {
        _readableState: [ReadableState],
        readable: true,
        _events: [Object],
        _eventsCount: 3,
        _maxListeners: undefined,
        _writableState: [WritableState],
        writable: true,
        allowHalfOpen: true,
        _transformState: [Object],
        _id: 288 },
     stderr:
      Transform {
        _readableState: [ReadableState],
        readable: true,
        _events: [Object],
        _eventsCount: 3,
        _maxListeners: undefined,
        _writableState: [WritableState],
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        allowHalfOpen: true,
        _transformState: [Object],
        _id: 288 } },
  Buffer:
   { [Function: Buffer]
     poolSize: 8192,
     from: [Function: from],
     of: [Function: of],
     alloc: [Function: alloc],
     allocUnsafe: [Function: allocUnsafe],
     allocUnsafeSlow: [Function: allocUnsafeSlow],
     isBuffer: [Function: isBuffer],
     compare: [Function: compare],
     isEncoding: [Function: isEncoding],
     concat: [Function: concat],
     byteLength: [Function: byteLength],
     [Symbol(kIsEncodingSymbol)]: [Function: isEncoding] },
  clearImmediate: [Function: clearImmediate],
  clearInterval: [Function: clearInterval],
  clearTimeout: [Function: clearTimeout],
  setImmediate:
   { [Function: setImmediate] [Symbol(util.promisify.custom)]: [Function] },
  setInterval: [Function: setInterval],
  setTimeout:
   { [Function: setTimeout] [Symbol(util.promisify.custom)]: [Function] },
  __filename: '[eval]',
  exports: {},
  module:
   Module {
     id: '[eval]',
     exports: {},
     parent: undefined,
     filename:
      'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\Google Drive\\Learning\\JavaScript\\[eval]',
     loaded: false,
     children: [],
     paths:
      [ 'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\Google Drive\\Learning\\JavaScript\\node_modules',
        'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\Google Drive\\Learning\\node_modules',
        'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\Google Drive\\node_modules',
        'C:\\Users\\ruszk\\node_modules',
        'C:\\Users\\node_modules',
        'C:\\node_modules' ] },
  __dirname: '.',
  require:
   { [Function: require]
     resolve: { [Function: resolve] paths: [Function: paths] },
     main: undefined,
     extensions:
      { '.js': [Function], '.json': [Function], '.node': [Function] },
     cache: {} },
  '$$mimer$$': [Function: defaultMimer],
  '$$done$$': [Function: bound bound done],
  i: 3,
  signedIn: null,
  w: 4,
  now: 2021-02-18T18:16:00.523Z,
  today: 1613672160597,
  tomorrow: 1613758560597,
  todayDate: 2021-02-18T18:16:00.597Z,
  tomorrowDate: 2021-02-19T18:16:00.597Z,
  birthday: 1975-01-31T00:00:00.000Z,
  str: 'This is a sample string',
  re: /Sample/i,
  greeting: 'Hello',
  tip: 8,
  totalAfterTax: 53.03,
  opinion: 'This nanodegree is amazing',
  showMessage: [Function: showMessage],
  q: 0,
  my_string: 'Udacity',
  studentName: 'John',
  haveEnrolledInCourse: true,
  haveCompletedTheCourse: false,
  a: [Function: a],
  b: [Function: b],
  weather: 'sunny',
  isGoing: true,
  color: 'green',
  option: 3,
  month: 12,
  days: 31,
  education: 'no high school diploma',
  salary: 25636,
  findDayOfWeek: [Function: findDayOfWeek],
  start: 6,
  x: 11,
  out: 'Fizz',
  add1: [Function: add1],
  newNum: 5,
  isThisWorking: [Function: isThisWorking],
  test:
   [ 112,
     929,
     11,
     103,
     199,
     1000,
     7,
     1,
     124,
     37,
     4,
     19,
     400,
     3775,
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     169,
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     106,
     109,
     20,
     58,
     139,
     59,
     103,
     1,
     139 ],
  add: [Function: add],
  divideByTwo: [Function: divideByTwo],
  sum: 12,
  average: 6,
  sayHi: [Function: sayHi],
  catSays: [Function: catSays],
  helloCat: [Function: helloCat],
  favoriteMovie: [Function: displayFavorite],
  movies: [Function: movies],
  TestTry: [Function: TestTry],
  checkValue: [Function: checkValue],
  traceIt: [Function: traceIt],
  codedURL: 'difficult%20%26%24%25%40%23%20to%20transmit',
  donuts:
   [ 'JELLY DONUT HOLE',
     'CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE',
     'GLAZED DONUT HOLE' ],
  mixedData: [ 'abcd', 1, true, undefined, null, 'all the things' ],
  arraysInArrays:
   [ [ 1, 2, 3 ],
     [ 'Julia', 'James' ],
     [ true, false, true, false ] ],
  captain: 'Mal',
  second: 'Zoe',
  pilot: 'Wash',
  companion: 'Inara',
  mercenary: 'Jayne',
  mechanic: 'Kaylee',
  crew:
   [ 'Inara',
     'Jayne',
     'Kaylee',
     'Mal',
     'Wash',
     'Zoe',
     'Simon',
     'River',
     'Book' ],
  doctor: 'Simon',
  sister:
   { name: 'Sarah',
     age: 23,
     parents: [ 'alice', 'andy' ],
     siblings: [ 'julia' ],
     favoriteColor: 'purple',
     pets: true,
     paintPicture: [Function: paintPicture] },
  shepherd: 'Book',
  rainbow: [ 'Red', 'Orange', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Purple' ],
  fruits:
   [ 'apples', 'pears', 'cherries', 'bananas', 'peaches', 'oranges' ],
  vegetables: [ 'carrots', 'peas', 'beans', 'lettuce' ],
  words: [ 'cat', 'in', 'hat' ],
  improvedDonuts:
   [ 'JELLY DONUT HOLE-GLAZED DONUT HOLE donut',
     'CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE-JELLY DONUT HOLE donut',
     'GLAZED DONUT HOLE-CHOCOLATE DONUT HOLE donut' ],
  donutBox:
   [ [ 'glazed', 'chocolate glazed', 'cinnamon' ],
     [ 'powdered', 'sprinkled', 'glazed cruller' ],
     [ 'chocolate cruller', 'Boston creme', 'creme de leche' ] ],
  row: 3,
  column: 3,
  numbers: [ 1, 2, 3 ],
  tree: { type: 'oak', age: 120, isLeavesOn: false },
  auto: { location: 'garage', ignition: 'off', fueled: true },
  changeToEight: [Function: changeToEight],
  setToBlue: [Function: setToBlue],
  whoThis: [Function: whoThis],
  trickyish: true,
  person: 'Richard',
  richardSaysHi: [Function: richardSaysHi],
  alertThenReturn: [Function: alertThenReturn],
  callAndAdd: [Function: callAndAdd],
  returnsThree: [Function: returnsThree],
  each: [Function: each],
  isPositive: [Function: isPositive],
  logIfOdd: [Function: logIfOdd],
  length: [Function: length],
  remember: [Function: remember],
  myCounter: [Function: myCounter],
  SoftwareDeveloper: [Function: SoftwareDeveloper],
  favoriteLanguage: 'JavaScript',
  name: 'David',
  introduce: [Function],
  console:
   Console {
     log: [Function: bound log],
     debug: [Function: bound log],
     info: [Function: bound log],
     dirxml: [Function: bound log],
     warn: [Function: bound warn],
     error: [Function: bound warn],
     dir: [Function: bound dir],
     time: [Function: bound time],
     timeEnd: [Function: bound timeEnd],
     timeLog: [Function: bound timeLog],
     trace: [Function: bound trace],
     assert: [Function: bound assert],
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     group: [Function: bound group],
     groupCollapsed: [Function: bound group],
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     table: [Function: bound ],
     Console: [Function: Console],
     [Symbol(counts)]: Map {},
     [Symbol(kColorMode)]: 'auto' },
  '$$':
   { async: [Function: bound async],
     done: [Function: bound done],
     sendResult: [Function: bound ],
     sendError: [Function: bound ],
     mime: [Function: bound ],
     text: [Function: bound ],
     html: [Function: bound ],
     svg: [Function: bound ],
     png: [Function: bound ],
     jpeg: [Function: bound ],
     json: [Function: bound ],
     input: [Function: bound input],
     display: [Function: bound createDisplay],
     clear: [Function: bound clear] },
  multiply: [Function: multiply],
  window: [Circular] }


multiply.call(window, 3, 4);

12


multiply.apply(window, [3, 4]);

12


// object with a method
const mockingbird = {
  title: 'To Kill a Mockingbird',
  describe: function () {
    console.log(`${this.title} is a classic novel`);
  }
};
// object without method
const pride = {
  title: 'Pride and Prejudice'
};


mockingbird.describe();
// call mockingbird object's describe method for pride object
// both objects has title attribute, necessary for the describe method
mockingbird.describe.call(pride);
mockingbird.describe.apply(pride);

To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic novel
Pride and Prejudice is a classic novel
Pride and Prejudice is a classic novel


function sayHello(message) {
  console.log(`${message}, ${this.name}`);
}

const cat = {
  name: 'Bailey'
};

const dog = {
  name: 'Bernie'
};

sayHello.call(cat, 'Nice to see you');
sayHello.apply(dog, ['Hello']);

Nice to see you, Bailey
Hello, Bernie


// function takes an other function as parameter
function invokeTwice(cb) {
   cb();
   cb();
}
// object with method
const canary = {
  age: 5,
  growOneYear: function () {
    this.age += 1;
  }
};


canary.growOneYear();
canary.age;

6


invokeTwice(canary.growOneYear);
canary.age;

6


invokeTwice(function () { 
  canary.growOneYear(); 
});

canary.age;

8


// create an object with an age attribute
const crow = { age: 3 };

// save the canary's method with crow object under new name
let crowGrowOneYear = canary.growOneYear.bind(crow);
// call new function
crowGrowOneYear();
// check crow object's age attribute
crow.age;

4


invokeTwice(crowGrowOneYear);
crow.age;

6


invokeTwice(canary.growOneYear.bind(crow));
crow.age;

8


function Cat(name) {
 this.lives = 9;
 this.name = name;

 this.sayName = function () {
   console.log(`Meow! My name is ${this.name}`);
 };
}


// declare a constructor function
function Dalmatian(name) {
 this.name = name;
};
// place a method into the constructor function's prototype object
Dalmatian.prototype.sayName = function () {
   console.log(`Woof! My name is ${this.name}`);
};

[Function]


// create a new Dalmatian object
dalmatian99 = new Dalmatian('Spot');
// invoke the prototype sayName method
dalmatian99.sayName();

Woof! My name is Spot


function Hamster() {
  this.hasFur = true;
}

let waffle = new Hamster();
let pancake = new Hamster();


Hamster.prototype.eat = function () {
  console.log('Chomp chomp chomp!');
};

waffle.eat();
pancake.eat();

Chomp chomp chomp!
Chomp chomp chomp!


Hamster.prototype = {
  isHungry: false,
  color: 'brown'
};

{ isHungry: false, color: 'brown' }


console.log(waffle.color);     // undefined
waffle.eat();                  // 'Chomp chomp chomp!'
console.log(pancake.isHungry); // undefined

undefined
Chomp chomp chomp!
undefined


const muffin = new Hamster();
muffin.eat();                 // TypeError: muffin.eat is not a function

evalmachine.<anonymous>:2
muffin.eat();                 // TypeError: muffin.eat is not a function
       ^

TypeError: muffin.eat is not a function
    at evalmachine.<anonymous>:2:8
    at Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:96:20)
    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:303:38)
    at run ([eval]:1054:15)
    at onRunRequest ([eval]:888:18)
    at onMessage ([eval]:848:13)
    at process.emit (events.js:182:13)
    at emit (internal/child_process.js:812:12)
    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:63:19)


console.log(muffin.isHungry); // false
console.log(muffin.color);    // 'brown'

false
brown


function Phone() {
  this.operatingSystem = 'Android';
}
// declare a prototype attribute
Phone.prototype.screenSize = 6;

6


const myPhone = new Phone();
myPhone.hasOwnProperty('operatingSystem');

true


myPhone.hasOwnProperty('screenSize');

false


const rodent = {
  favoriteFood: 'cheese',
  hasTail: true
};


function Mouse() {
  this.favoriteFood = 'cheese';
}

Mouse.prototype = rodent;

{ favoriteFood: 'cheese', hasTail: true }


const ralph = new Mouse();
rodent.isPrototypeOf(ralph);

true


const myPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(ralph);
console.log(myPrototype);
console.log(rodent);

{ favoriteFood: 'cheese', hasTail: true }
{ favoriteFood: 'cheese', hasTail: true }


function Longboard() {
  this.material = 'bamboo';
}

const board = new Longboard();


board.constructor;

[Function: Longboard]


rodent.constructor;

[Function: Object]


const bear = {
  claws: true,
  diet: 'carnivore'
};


function PolarBear() { 
  // ...
}
PolarBear.prototype = bear;

{ claws: true, diet: 'carnivore' }


const snowball = new PolarBear();
snowball.color = 'white';
snowball.favoriteDrink = 'cola';
snowball;

{ color: 'white', favoriteDrink: 'cola' }


console.log(snowball.claws);
console.log(snowball.diet);

true
carnivore


snowball.__proto__;

{ claws: true, diet: 'carnivore' }


snowball.__proto__ === bear

true


snowball.__proto__ === PolarBear.prototype;

true


function Parent() {
  // ...
}

function Child() {
  // ...
}

Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype);
const child = new Child();
child instanceof Parent;

true


const mammal = {
  vertebrate: true,
  earBones: 3
};


const rabbit = Object.create(mammal);


rabbit;

{}


rabbit.__proto__ === mammal

true


rabbit.vertebrate

true


rabbit.earBones

3


function Animal(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Animal.prototype.walk = function () {
  console.log(`${this.name} walks!`);
};

function Cat(name) {
  Animal.call(this, name);
  this.lives = 9;
}

Cat.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);

Cat.prototype.constructor = Cat;

Cat.prototype.meow = function () {
  console.log('Meow!');
};

const bambi = new Cat('Bambi');

bambi.meow();
bambi.walk();
bambi.name;

Meow!
Bambi walks!

'Bambi'


let target1 = {};
let source = { number: 7 };
Object.assign(target1, source);
console.log(target1);

{ number: 7 }


let target2 = { letter: 'a', number: 11 };
Object.assign(target2, source);
console.log(target2);

{ letter: 'a', number: 7 }


const duck   = { hasBill: true, 
                 feet:  'orange'};
const beaver = { hasTail: true };
const otter  = { hasFur: true,
                 feet:  'webbed'};

const platypus = Object.assign({}, duck, beaver, otter);
console.log(platypus);

{ hasBill: true, feet: 'webbed', hasTail: true, hasFur: true }


platypus.constructor;

[Function: Object]


platypus.isPrototypeOf(duck) 
|| duck.isPrototypeOf(platypus)
|| platypus.isPrototypeOf(beaver)
|| beaver.isPrototypeOf(duck)
|| platypus.isPrototypeOf(otter)
|| otter.isPrototypeOf(platypus)

false


function City(name, population) {
  this.name = name;
  this.population = population;

  this.identify = function () {
    console.log(`${this.name}'s population is ${this.population}.`);
  };
}


const sanFrancisco = new City('San Francisco', 870000);
console.log(sanFrancisco);

City {
  name: 'San Francisco',
  population: 870000,
  identify: [Function] }


const mountainView = new City('Mountain View', 78000);
console.log(mountainView);

City {
  name: 'Mountain View',
  population: 78000,
  identify: [Function] }


function Basketball(color) {
  return {
    color: color,
    numDots: 35000
  };
}


const orangeBasketball = Basketball('orange');
console.log(orangeBasketball);

{ color: 'orange', numDots: 35000 }


const myBB = Basketball('blue and green');
const yourBB = Basketball('purple');
const bouncy = Basketball('neon pink');


function Radio(mode) {
  let on = false;

  return {
    mode: mode,
    turnOn: function () {
      on = true;
    },
    isOn: function () {
      return on;
    }
  };
}
// create a new object
let fmRadio = Radio('fm');

// .on is not an attribute of the object
fmRadio.on; //undefined


// but we have access to variable on in the closure
// read the status
fmRadio.isOn();  // false

false


// change value of variable on in the closure
fmRadio.turnOn();
// read the status
fmRadio.isOn();  // true

true


function CoffeeMaker(object) {
  let needsRefill = false;

  return Object.assign({}, object, {
    pourAll: function () {
      needsRefill = true;
    },
    isEmpty: function () {
      return needsRefill;
    }
  });
}


const mixedCoffeeMaker = CoffeeMaker({ style: 'percolator' });
mixedCoffeeMaker

{ style: 'percolator',
  pourAll: [Function: pourAll],
  isEmpty: [Function: isEmpty] }


function ConeFactory(obj) {
  let dry = true;

  return Object.assign({}, obj, {
    soggy: function () {
      dry = false;
    },
    isDry: function () {
      return dry;
    }
  });
}

function IceCreamFactory(obj) {
  let cold = true;

  return Object.assign({}, obj, {
    melt: function () {
      cold = false;
    },
    isCold: function () {
      return cold;
    }
  });
}

let iceCream = IceCreamFactory(ConeFactory({}));
iceCream

{ soggy: [Function: soggy],
  isDry: [Function: isDry],
  melt: [Function: melt],
  isCold: [Function: isCold] }


// cone is dry
iceCream.isDry()

true


// cream is cold
iceCream.isCold()

true


// melt the cream
iceCream.melt()
// cream is not cold anymore
iceCream.isCold()

false


// cone becomes soggy
iceCream.soggy()
// cone is not dry anymore
iceCream.isDry()

false


let manager = {
  name: 'Veronika',
  getName: function () {
    return this.name;
  }
};


console.log(manager.getName(),  manager.name);

Veronika Veronika


manager.name = 'Not Veronika';
console.log(manager.getName(), manager.name);

Not Veronika Not Veronika


function instantiateManager() {
  return {
    name: 'Veronika',
    getName: function () {
      return this.name;
    }
  };
}

let boss = instantiateManager();


manager.name = 'Not Veronika';
console.log(manager.getName(), manager.name);

Not Veronika Not Veronika


let woman = (function () {
  let _name = 'Veronika';

  return  {
    getName: function () {
      return _name;
    },
    setName: function (myName){
      _name = myName;
    }
  };
})();

woman;

{ getName: [Function: getName], setName: [Function: setName] }


console.log(woman._name);
console.log(woman.getName());

undefined
Veronika


woman.setName('Not Veronika');
woman.getName();

'Not Veronika'


let myModule1 = (function (){
  function privateMethod (message) { console.log(message); }
  function publicMethod  (message) { privateMethod(message); }
  return { publicMethod: publicMethod };
})();
myModule1;

{ publicMethod: [Function: publicMethod] }


let myModule2 = (function () {
  function privateMethod (message) { console.log(message); }
  return {
    publicMethod: function (message) {
      privateMethod(message);
    }
  };
})();
myModule2;

{ publicMethod: [Function: publicMethod] }


let pet = (function () {
// private
  let _age  = 0;
  let _name = 'Cooper';
  function _ageOneYear() {
    _age += 1;
    console.log(`One year has passed! Current age is ${_age}`);
  }
// public
  function displayName() { console.log(`Name: ${_name}`); }
  function ageOneYear() { _ageOneYear(); }

  return {
    name: displayName,
    age: ageOneYear
  };
})();


pet;

{ name: [Function: displayName], age: [Function: ageOneYear] }


pet.name();

Name: Cooper


pet._name = 'Sherlock';
console.log(pet);
pet.name();

{ name: [Function: displayName],
  age: [Function: ageOneYear],
  _name: 'Sherlock' }
Name: Cooper


pet.age();
pet.age();

One year has passed! Current age is 1
One year has passed! Current age is 2


// had to install Node.js package
//> npm i xmlhttprequest
// the following one line only necessary in jupyter notebook, so it behaves as in the the browser
const XMLHttpRequest = require("xmlhttprequest").XMLHttpRequest;
// create an XMLHttpRequest object
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// set up what to do when the request successfully complete
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
        console.log(this.responseText);
    }
};
// open request
xhr.open("GET", "https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/");
// send request
xhr.send();


const json = '{"result":true, "count":42}';
const obj = JSON.parse(json);
console.log(obj.count); // expected output: 42
console.log(obj.result); // expected output: true

42
true


JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);

{ people: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/',
  planets: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/',
  films: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/',
  species: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/species/',
  vehicles: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/vehicles/',
  starships: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/starships/' }


//const baseURL = "https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/";
function getData(dataType, callBackFN){
    // create an XMLHttpRequest object
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    // set up what to do when the request successfully complete
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
            callBackFN(JSON.parse(this.responseText));
        }
    };
    // open request
    xhr.open("GET", baseURL + dataType + '/');
    // send request
    xhr.send();
}

function executeOnDataReceipt(data){
    for (let key in data){
        console.log(key, data[key]);
    }
}

getData('planets', executeOnDataReceipt);

count 60
next https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/?page=2
previous null
results [ { name: 'Tatooine',
    rotation_period: '23',
    orbital_period: '304',
    diameter: '10465',
    climate: 'arid',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'desert',
    surface_water: '1',
    population: '200000',
    residents:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/1/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/2/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/4/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/6/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/7/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/8/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/9/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/11/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/43/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/62/' ],
    films:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/1/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/3/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/4/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/5/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/6/' ],
    created: '2014-12-09T13:50:49.641000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.411000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/1/' },
  { name: 'Alderaan',
    rotation_period: '24',
    orbital_period: '364',
    diameter: '12500',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'grasslands, mountains',
    surface_water: '40',
    population: '2000000000',
    residents:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/5/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/68/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/81/' ],
    films:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/1/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/6/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:35:48.479000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.420000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/2/' },
  { name: 'Yavin IV',
    rotation_period: '24',
    orbital_period: '4818',
    diameter: '10200',
    climate: 'temperate, tropical',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'jungle, rainforests',
    surface_water: '8',
    population: '1000',
    residents: [],
    films: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/1/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:37:19.144000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.421000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/3/' },
  { name: 'Hoth',
    rotation_period: '23',
    orbital_period: '549',
    diameter: '7200',
    climate: 'frozen',
    gravity: '1.1 standard',
    terrain: 'tundra, ice caves, mountain ranges',
    surface_water: '100',
    population: 'unknown',
    residents: [],
    films: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/2/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:39:13.934000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.423000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/4/' },
  { name: 'Dagobah',
    rotation_period: '23',
    orbital_period: '341',
    diameter: '8900',
    climate: 'murky',
    gravity: 'N/A',
    terrain: 'swamp, jungles',
    surface_water: '8',
    population: 'unknown',
    residents: [],
    films:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/2/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/3/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/6/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:42:22.590000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.425000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/5/' },
  { name: 'Bespin',
    rotation_period: '12',
    orbital_period: '5110',
    diameter: '118000',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '1.5 (surface), 1 standard (Cloud City)',
    terrain: 'gas giant',
    surface_water: '0',
    population: '6000000',
    residents: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/26/' ],
    films: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/2/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:43:55.240000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.427000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/6/' },
  { name: 'Endor',
    rotation_period: '18',
    orbital_period: '402',
    diameter: '4900',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '0.85 standard',
    terrain: 'forests, mountains, lakes',
    surface_water: '8',
    population: '30000000',
    residents: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/30/' ],
    films: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/3/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:50:29.349000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.429000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/7/' },
  { name: 'Naboo',
    rotation_period: '26',
    orbital_period: '312',
    diameter: '12120',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'grassy hills, swamps, forests, mountains',
    surface_water: '12',
    population: '4500000000',
    residents:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/3/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/21/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/35/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/36/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/37/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/38/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/39/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/42/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/60/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/61/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/66/' ],
    films:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/3/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/4/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/5/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/6/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:52:31.066000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.430000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/8/' },
  { name: 'Coruscant',
    rotation_period: '24',
    orbital_period: '368',
    diameter: '12240',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'cityscape, mountains',
    surface_water: 'unknown',
    population: '1000000000000',
    residents:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/34/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/55/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/74/' ],
    films:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/3/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/4/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/5/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/6/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T11:54:13.921000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.432000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/9/' },
  { name: 'Kamino',
    rotation_period: '27',
    orbital_period: '463',
    diameter: '19720',
    climate: 'temperate',
    gravity: '1 standard',
    terrain: 'ocean',
    surface_water: '100',
    population: '1000000000',
    residents:
     [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/22/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/72/',
       'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/people/73/' ],
    films: [ 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/films/5/' ],
    created: '2014-12-10T12:45:06.577000Z',
    edited: '2014-12-20T20:58:18.434000Z',
    url: 'https://ci-swapi.herokuapp.com/api/planets/10/' } ]

Method/Property	Purpose	Usage	Result
Number.isNaN()	Returns whether the passed value is Not a Number	isNaN("Hello!");	true
Number.isFinite()	Returns whether the passed value is finite	isFinite(Infinity);	false
Number.isInteger()	Returns whether the passed value is an integer	isInteger(123);	true
Number.parseFloat()	Attempts to convert the passed value to a float	parseFloat("123.45");	123.45
Number.parseInt()	Attempts to convert the passed value to an integer	parseInt("123.45");	123
	The following are instance methods which operate on a Number instance
toFixed()	Returns a string representing the number with the passed number of decimal places	123.45.toFixed(4);	"123.4500"
toPrecision()	Returns a string representing the number with the passed precision	123.45.toPrecision(4);	"123.5"
toString()	Returns a string representing the number in the specified base (10 by default)	123.45.toString();	"123.45"

Operator	Name	Purpose
`&`	AND	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
`	`	OR	Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
`^`	XOR	Exclusive OR: Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
`~`	NOT	Inverts all the bits
`<<`	Left shift	Shifts left by pushing zeros in from the right, and lets the leftmost bits fall off
`>>`	Right shift	Shifts right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and lets the rightmost bits fall off
`>>>`	Zero-fill (unsigned) right shift	Shifts right by pushing zeros in from the left, and lets the rightmost bits fall off

method/property	description
Math.PI:	The constant pi
Math.random()	returns a random number between 0 and 1
Math.abs()	determines the absolute value of a number
Math.min()	returns the minimum of a series of numbers
Math.max()	returns the maximum of a series of numbers
Math.floor()	returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to the passed argument
Math.ceil()	returns the smallest integer which is greater than or equal to the passed argument
Math.round()	returns the nearest integer to the passed argument
Math.pow()	takes two arguments and returns the first argument raised to the power of the second
Math.sqrt()	returns the square root of the passed argument

Code	Character
\\|backslash
\"	double quote
\'	single quote
\r	carriage return
\n	newline
\t	horizontal tabulator

Method/Property	Description
length	Returns the length of a string
charAt()	Returns the character at the specified index (position)
charCodeAt()	Returns the Unicode of the character at the specified index
concat()	Joins two or more strings, and returns a new joined strings
endsWith()	Checks whether a string ends with specified string/characters
fromCharCode()	Converts Unicode values to characters
includes()	Checks whether a string contains the specified string/characters
indexOf()	Returns the position of the first found occurrence of a specified value in a string
lastIndexOf()	Returns the position of the last found occurrence of a specified value in a string
localeCompare()	Compares two strings in the current locale
match()	Searches a string for a match against a regular expression, and returns the matches
repeat()	Returns a new string with a specified number of copies of an existing string
replace()	Searches a string for a specified value, or a regular expression, and returns a new string where the specified values are replaced
search()	Searches a string for a specified value, or regular expression, and returns the position of the match
slice()	Extracts a part of a string and returns a new string
split()	Splits a string into an array of substrings
startsWith()	Checks whether a string begins with specified characters
substr()	Extracts the characters from a string, beginning at a specified start position, and through the specified number of character
substring()	Extracts the characters from a string, between two specified indices
toLocaleLowerCase()	Converts a string to lowercase letters, according to the host's locale
toLocaleUpperCase()	Converts a string to uppercase letters, according to the host's locale
toLowerCase()	Converts a string to lowercase letters
toString()	Returns the value of a String object
toUpperCase()	Converts a string to uppercase letters
trim()	Removes whitespace from both ends of a string
valueOf()	Returns the primitive value of a String object

.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
abstract	boolean	break	byte	case	catch	char	class
const	continue	debugger	default	delete	do	double	else
enum	export	extends	final	finally	float	for	function
goto	if	implements	import	in	instanceof	int	interface
let	long	native	new	package	private	protected	public
return	short	static	super	switch	synchronized	this	throw
throws	transient	try	typeof	var	void	volatile	while
with	yield

Operator	Meaning	Example	How it works
`&&`	Logical AND	`value1 && value2`	Returns `true` if both `value1` and `value2` evaluate to `true`.
`\|\|`	Logical OR	`value1 \|\| value2`	Returns `true` if either `value1` or `value2` (or even both!) evaluates to `true`.
`!`	Logical NOT	`!value`	Returns the opposite of `value`. If `value` is `true`, then `!value` is `false`.

Method/Function	Purpose
add()	Add an element to the set
delete()	Remove a specific element from the set
clear()	Clear all elements from the set
pop()	Pop a random element out of the set
has()	Is the value present in the Set object?
update()	Add the items of another set to this set
length	Get the number of items in the set

Value	State	Description
0	UNSENT	Client has been created. open() not called yet.
1	OPENED	open() has been called.
2	HEADERS_RECEIVED	send() has been called, and headers and status are available.
3	LOADING	Downloading; responseText holds partial data.
4	DONE	The operation is complete.

Code	Description
200	OK. The request has succeeded. The meaning of the success depends on the HTTP method: GET: The resource has been fetched and is transmitted in the message body. HEAD: The entity headers are in the message body. * PUT or POST: The resource describing the result of the action is transmitted in the message body.
301	Moved Permanently. The URL of the requested resource has been changed permanently. The new URL is given in the response.
400	Bad Request The server could not understand the request due to invalid syntax.
401	Unauthorized. Although the HTTP standard specifies "unauthorized", semantically this response means unauthenticated". That is, the client must authenticate itself to get the requested response.
403	Forbidden. The client does not have access rights to the content; that is, it is unauthorized, so the server is refusing to give the requested resource. Unlike 401, the client's identity is known to the server.
404	Not Found.	The server can not find the requested resource. In the browser, this means the URL is not recognized. In an API, this can also mean that the endpoint is valid but the resource itself does not exist. Servers may also send this response instead of 403 to hide the existence of a resource from an unauthorized client. This response code is probably the most famous one due to its frequent occurrence on the web.
500	Internal Server Error. The server has encountered a situation it doesn't know how to handle.

JavaScript tutorial from Udacity and Code Institute¶

Working with External Resources¶

What JavaScript Is¶

Frameworks and Libraries¶

Dev Tools and console.log()¶

Developer tools on different browsers¶

Mozilla Firefox¶

Google Chrome¶

Console demo¶

JavaScript demo¶

Displaying Alerts¶

The debugger Keyword¶

Setting Breakpoints in Your Code¶

Comments¶

Indentation and Minification¶

Reserved Keywords¶

Numbers¶

A Note about Floats¶

undefined, null and NaN¶

Infinity, -Infinity and NaN¶

Comparing numbers¶

Type Coercion¶

Arithmetical Operators¶

Incrementing and Decrementing¶

Bitwise Operators¶

Operator Precedence : PEMDAS (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally!)¶

The Math object¶

The Date object¶

Strings¶

Escaping characters¶

Special characters¶

String concatenation¶

Template Literals¶

String interpolation¶

String Methods¶

String method toLowerCase() and toUpperCase()¶

String Indexing¶

String method charAt()¶

String method slice()¶

String method indexOf() and lastIndexOf()¶

String method substr() and substring()¶

String method trim()¶

Regular expressions¶

Variables¶

Naming conventions¶

Scope¶

Variable Declaration¶

Let¶

Const¶

Var¶

Assignment Operators¶

Comparing strings¶

A. Case-sensitive¶

B. Internal Working¶

Booleans¶

The Boolean object¶

Equality¶

Implicit type coercion¶

Example of strongly typed programming language code¶

Equivalent code in JavaScript¶

Strict equality¶

if...else statements¶

else if statements¶

Logical operators¶

Logical operator precedence - PNAO¶

Short-circuiting¶

Truthy and Falsy¶

Falsy values¶

Truthy values¶

check the "truthiness" or "falsiness"¶

Truth table¶

Ternary Operator¶

Switch Statement¶

Switch with Break statement¶

Falling-through¶

While Loop¶

Do/While Loop¶

For Loop¶

Nested Loops¶

Break/Continue¶

Dev Tools and `console.log()`¶

The `debugger` Keyword¶

`undefined`, `null` and `NaN`¶

`Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN`¶

The `Math` object¶

The `Date` object¶

String method `toLowerCase()` and `toUpperCase()`¶

String method `charAt()`¶

String method `slice()`¶

String method `indexOf()` and `lastIndexOf()`¶

String method `substr()` and `substring()`¶

String method `trim()`¶

`if...else` statements¶

`else if` statements¶

What to do with the `return` value¶

`slice()`¶

`indexOf()`¶

`includes()`¶

`reverse()`¶

`sort()`¶

`push()`¶

`pop()`¶

`shift()` and `unshift()`¶

`delete()`¶

`splice()`¶

`concat()`¶

The `for...of` loop¶

The `for...in` loop¶

The `forEach()` loop¶

The `map()` loop¶

`filter()`¶

`reduce()`¶

Unrolling `...`¶

The `this` Keyword¶

The `window` Object¶

Global Variables are Properties on `window`¶

Globals and `var`, `let`, and `const`¶

Global Functions are Methods on `window`¶